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IPCA Propranolol 40mg Tablets Ipca Propranolol general information What is Ipca Propranolol used for? Ipca tablets 40mg are used to treat a variety of heart conditions including control of hypertension (high blood pressure); management of angina pectoris (chest pain) due to coronary atherosclerosis. Ipca Propranolol is also used for reducing situational and generalised anxiety, particularly the physical symptoms of anxiety (somatic), preventing migraine, management of essential tremor and as an adjunctive treatment of the management thyrotoxicosis (overactive thyroid). Ipca Propranolol is also used as prophylaxis to prevent bleeding due to portal hypertension (high blood pressure in the portal veins from the stomach, spleen, pancreas an intestine) and esophageal varices (enlarged veins in the oesophagus); also, for hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (thickening of the heart muscle causing obstruction to blood flow). Ipca tablets 40mg work through a common mechanism in several different body systems to manage the condition and relieve symptoms by reducing heart rate (pulse), workload on the heart (force needed to pump) and oxygen demand by the heart, which results in increased blood flow and lower blood pressure. How does Ipca Propranolol work? Ipca Propranolol contains propranolol, which is a nonselective beta-blocker or antagonist that binds to the beta-receptor and acts by blocking the action of chemicals called catecholamines, such as adrenaline (epinephrine), which are released by the adrenal glands in response to nerve stimulation during physical and mental stress. Adrenaline works via beta-receptors in the heart to stimulate increased heart rate and constriction (narrowing) of blood vessels. Propranolol in Ipca tablets 40mg blocks these actions of adrenaline, to slow heart rate, dilate (widen) blood vessels, lower blood pressure, and increase blood flow and oxygen to the heart. Since beta-receptors are found in many tissues, particularly the heart, kidneys, vascular smooth muscle in blood vessel walls, lung, skeletal muscle and liver, all short-term and long-term symptom relief due to taking Ipca Propranolol, is based on blocking beta-receptors in the target tissue. What does Ipca Propranolol contain? Ipca Propranolol contains the active ingredient propranolol 40mg, a beta blocker that blocks the action of adrenaline, to slow heart rate and relax blood vessels, amongst other actions, and is used to treat a variety of conditions. What are the inactive ingredients in Ipca Propranolol Tablets? Ipca Propranolol also contains the following inactive ingredients: Sunset Yellow FCF Aluminium lake Cl15985, Lactose monohydrate, Magnesium stearate, Maize starch, Povidone, Quinoline yellow, and Sodium starch glycolate. Treating high blood pressure (hypertension) with Ipca Propranolol Ipca tablets 40mg contain propranolol, a beta-blocker that blocks the action of adrenaline (epinephrine); released by the adrenal glands in response to nerve stimulation (for example due to stress). Adrenaline stimulates beta-receptors in blood vessel walls, causing blood vessels to constrict (narrow) which reduces blood flow and raises blood pressure. Ipca Propranolol is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) by widening blood vessels (vasodilation), reducing heart rate (number of heart beats) and reducing the force of the heart contraction. These actions lower blood pressure and help the heart to cope better. Treating angina with Ipca Propranolol Ipca Propranolol tablets contain propranolol, a beta-blocker that blocks the action of adrenaline (epinephrine); released by the adrenal glands in response to nerve stimulation (for example due to stress). Adrenaline stimulates beta-receptors in the heart muscle, which increases heart rate and the strength of muscular contraction in response to excitement/physical exertion. Ipca Propranolol is used for management of angina by reducing heart rate and force of contraction of the heart and widening blood vessels. When the heart does not have to work as hard, it requires less oxygen and the reduced workload relieves symptoms of angina, such as chest pain and breathlessness on exertion. What are the side effects of Ipca Propranolol? The most commonly reported side effects when taking Ipca Propranolol include, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, stomach pain, bradycardia (slow heart rate), tiredness, dizziness, hypotension (low heart rate), coldness of the extremities, peripheral vasoconstriction, sleep disturbances or nightmares, hair loss, mood changes or confusion. When should Ipca Propranolol not be used? You should not use Ipca Propranolol if you: are allergic to propranolol or any ingredients in Ipca Propranolol have a history of bronchial asthma or bronchospasm are diabetic and taking hypoglycaemic therapy as propranolol may prolong the hypoglycaemic response to insulin have, poor peripheral blood circulation, uncontrolled heart failure, low blood pressure (hypotension), metabolic acidosis (too much acid in your blood) or a certain type of angina called Prinzmetal's angina have a phaeochromocytoma (a rare tumour of the adrenal gland) which is not already being treated with other medicines have certain other heart problems are taking medication that may interact with Ipca Propranolol, including other medicines for high blood pressure angina or an irregular heartbeat such as calcium channel blockers (disopyramide) digoxin, clonidine, hydralazine, diltiazem, verapamil, and nifedipine; adrenaline for emergencies like anaphylaxis; ergotamine and derivatives for migraine; antiinflammatories like ibuprofen or indomethacin; cimetidine for reflux and ulcers; chlorpromazine for psychiatric disorders. What medications interact with Ipca Propranolol? Several medications interact with Ipca Propranolol and should either not be taken while you are taking Ipca Propranolol or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor: Drugs that cause a serious reaction with Ipca Propranolol: other medicines for high blood pressure angina or an irregular heartbeat such as calcium channel blockers (disopyramide) digoxin, clonidine, hydralazine, diltiazem, verapamil, and nifedipine, ergotamine and derivatives for migraine Drugs that affect Ipca Propranolol: adrenaline for emergencies like anaphylaxis, cimetidine for reflux and ulcers, chlorpromazine for psychiatric disorders, antiinflammatories like ibuprofen or indomethacin Drugs that are affected by Ipca Propranolol: chlorpromazine for psychiatric disorders How should Ipca Propranolol be taken? You should take your Ipca Propranolol tablets with a glass of water, with or without food. The number of tablets you take each day, how often you take them depends on the condition you are being treated for and your doctor’s recommendations. You should continue take your Ipca Propranolol tablets every day, as instructed and if you are advised to stop taking them, withdrawal should be gradual, and treatment should not be discontinued abruptly. You should continue take your Ipca Propranolol tablets for as long as recommended by your doctor, which may be for a few days or weeks, depending on the condition you are being treated for. How long should you take Ipca Propranolol? You should continue take your Ipca Propranolol tablets for as long as recommended by your doctor, which may be for a few days or weeks, depending on the condition you are being treated for. Missed dose of Ipca Propranolol If you miss a dose of Ipca Propranolol, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose. How should Ipca Propranolol be stored? You should store your Ipca Propranolol below 25°C in a cool dry place kept well out of reach of children.
Esomac 40 (Esomeprazole 40mg) Esomac general information What is Esomac used for? Esomac tablets 40mg are used to treat conditions caused by gastric reflux, which is when the acidic contents of the stomach flow back into the oesophagus because the sphincter (muscle at the junction of the oesophagus and stomach) that normally acts as a one-way valve and prevents backflow of stomach contents, does not function properly or is damaged. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD), as this condition is known, causes symptoms like heartburn and dyspepsia (indigestion and abdominal pain), and can damage the oesophagus causing inflammation (oesophagitis). Esomac 40 is also used to treat and prevent peptic ulcers in the stomach (gastric ulcers or damage to the stomach lining) and duodenum (duodenal ulcers or damage to the lining of the upper intestine); and gastric ulcers caused by use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID); also as combination therapy to treat gastric ulcers that are caused by infection of the stomach with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, in conjunction with using antibiotics. Esomac 40 is also used to treat symptoms of acid-related dyspepsia that can be caused by eating high fat or acidic foods, or Zollinger-Ellison syndrome in which increased levels of the hormone gastrin causes an excessive production of gastric acid. How does Esomac work? Esomac tablets 40mg contain esomeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor that is used to treat conditions caused by excess gastric acid, by reducing the amount of gastric acid released into the stomach. Stomach acid is needed for digestion of proteins in your diet and is made by the parietal cells of the stomach wall. Gastric acid production is dependent on the action of the enzyme H⁺/K⁺-ATPase, which is the proton pump responsible for pumping positive hydrogen ions out of the cells into the stomach, which increases the acidity of the stomach contents. Esomeprazole in Esomac 40 inhibits the functioning of the H⁺/K⁺-ATPase, which prevents acid secretion by blocking the source of acid production. This action of esomeprazole reduces the acidity of the stomach contents, which reduces the acid damage that can be caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and oesophagitis and relieves symptoms caused by excess gastric acid like heartburn and dyspepsia. By inhibiting gastric acid secretion Esomac 40 also help prevent the formation of gastric (stomach) and duodenal (upper intestine) peptic ulcers and also helps ulcers and damage caused by gastric reflux to heal. What does Esomac contain? Esomac tablets 40mg contain the active ingredient esomeprazole, which is a proton pump inhibitor that is used to treat conditions caused by excess gastric acid secretion. Treating gastric reflux with Esomac Esomac tablets 40mg contain esomeprazole, which is used to treat conditions caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD). Gastric reflux is when the acidic contents of the stomach flow back into the oesophagus because the sphincter (muscle at the junction of the oesophagus and stomach) that normally acts as a one-way valve and prevents backflow of stomach contents, does not function properly or is damaged. Symptoms caused by gastric reflux include heartburn and dyspepsia (indigestion and abdominal pain), and damage to the oesophagus causing inflammation (oesophagitis). Esomeprazole in Esomac tablets 40mg reduces acid secretion by parietal cells of the stomach wall, by blocking the action of the enzyme H⁺/K⁺-ATPase, which is responsible for acid production. This action of esomeprazole reduces the acidity of the stomach contents, which reduces the acid damage that can be caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and oesophagitis, relieves symptoms caused by excess gastric acid like heartburn and dyspepsia; as well as helping damaged tissues caused by excess acid to heal. Esomac for peptic ulcers Esomac tablets 40mg contain the active ingredient esomeprazole, which is used to treat and prevent prevent peptic ulcers in the stomach (gastric ulcers or damage to the stomach lining) and duodenum (duodenal ulcers or damage to the lining of the upper intestine), caused by excess secretion of gastric acid; and gastric ulcers caused by use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). Esomac tablets 40mg are also used as combination therapy to treat and prevent gastric ulcers that are caused by infection of the stomach with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, in conjunction with using antibiotics. Esomeprazole in Esomac tablets 40mg reduces acid secretion by parietal cells of the stomach wall, by blocking the action of the enzyme H⁺/K⁺-ATPase, which responsible for acid production. This action of esomeprazole reduces the acidity of the stomach contents, which reduces the acid damage to the stomach wall and allows ulcers that have already developed to heal. What are the side effects of Esomac? The most commonly reported side effects when taking Esomac include, include: constipation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, wind (flatulence), headache, dry mouth, skin rash, dizziness, sensation of tingling in the skin (paraesthesia), insomnia. When should Esomac not be used? You should not use Esomac 40 if you: are allergic to esomeprazole or any ingredients in Esomac are taking medicines that interact with Esomac including: the antifungals ketoconazole and itraconazole, the anticoagulant warfarin, phenytoin for epilepsy, the antiretroviral atazanavir, the antibiotic clarithromycin, the immunosuppressive tacrolimus, the sedative diazepam How should Esomac be taken? You should take your Esomac tablets 40mg with a glass of water at least one hour before a meal. You should continue to take your Esomac tablets 40mg for as long as recommended by your doctor, usually for a few weeks to 6 months, depending on the condition you are being treated for. How long should you take Esomac? You should continue to take your Esomac tablets 40mg for as long as recommended by your doctor, usually for a few weeks to 6 months, depending on the condition you are being treated for. Missed dose of Esomac If you miss a dose of Esomac 40 take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose. How should Esomac be stored? You should store your Esomac 40 below 25°C in a cool dry place.
Vaclovir (Valaciclovir) 500mg Vaclovir general information What is Vaclovir used for? Vaclovir tablets 500mg are used to treat infections of the skin and mucous membranes caused by Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), including cold sores (herpes labialis); also initial and recurrent episodes of genital herpes in people with a healthy immune system, and can prevent lesions when taken as soon as symptoms of an HSV recurrence appears. Vaclovir tablets 500mg are also used for suppression of recurrent genital herpes infections in people with an active immune system (immunocompetent) and to reduce the transmission of genital herpes to others. In HIV-infected patients who are immunocompromised, Vaclovir tablets 500mg are used for prevention (prophylaxis) of herpes infections. Vaclovir tablets 500mg are also used to treat cold sores in children who are at least 12 years old, and to treat chickenpox, caused by the closely related Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) in children who are at least 2 years old. Vaclovir tablets 500mg are also used to treat Herpes zoster (shingles) caused by VZV in immunocompetent adults, provided the infection is less than 72 hours duration. Vaclovir tablets 500mg are also used to prevent opportunistic infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) and other herpes virus infections (HSV, VZV) following organ transplantation How does Vaclovir work? Vaclovir tablets 500mg contain valacyclovir, a prodrug of acyclovir that is more readily absorbed and is converted to acyclovir by the liver. Valacyclovir in Vaclovir tablets 500mg then works in the same way as acyclovir, as an antiviral agent that is highly active against both types of herpes simplex virus, HSV-I, that causes cold sores and HSV-II that causes genital herpes; and also against the closely related varicella zoster herpes virus that causes chicken pox and shingles. Acyclovir inhibits the action of a viral enzyme (DNA polymerase), blocking viral DNA synthesis without affecting normal cellular processes. This prevents the virus replicating and therefore, stops the growth and spread of the virus, relieving symptoms of the infection and helping the body to fight off the infection. Vaclovir tablets 500mg will not cure a herpes infection, as the virus can lie dormant in infected cells until reactivated when immunity is low due to stress or other illness or even exposure to sunlight, causing new infections like cold sores and shingles; but it does reduce pain and help the sores caused by the infection to heal faster. What does Vaclovir contain? Vaclovir tablets 500mg contains the active ingredient valacyclovir 500mg, an antiviral used to treat herpes virus infections. They also contain microcrystalline cellulose and magnesium stearate in the tablet core and hypromellose, titanium dioxide and polyethylene glycol in the film coat. Treating herpes infection with Vaclovir Vaclovir tablets 500mg contain valacyclovir, an antiviral agent which is highly active against both types of herpes simplex virus, HSV-I, that causes cold sores and HSV-II that causes genital herpes and also against the closely related varicella zoster herpes virus that causes chicken pox and shingles. HSV Infections are characterised by blisters which form in the mucous membranes of the mouth, lips or genitals and crust over to form a scab as they heal. Vaclovir tablets 500mg stop the virus in infected cells from being able to replicate and spread, helping to relieve symptoms and heal the blisters. Treating shingles with Vaclovir-500 Vaclovir tablets 500mg contain valacyclovir, an antiviral agent which is highly active against both types of herpes simplex virus, HSV-I, that causes cold sores and HSV-II that causes genital herpes and also against the closely related varicella zoster herpes virus that causes chicken pox and shingles. Herpes zoster or shingles is caused by the same type of herpes virus that causes the common childhood infection chicken pox (varicella). The blisters associated with chicken pox are characteristic of the initial infection with varicella zoster virus (of the herpes family) which migrate to nerve cells and remain dormant (not replicating) once chicken pox blisters have gone. Years later, the virus can be activated by stress, other illness or even exposure to sunlight, causing the virus to travel down the nerve and infect the skin again, replicating and causing the painful rash of blisters associated with shingles as well as nerve pain or post-herpetic neuralgia. Vaclovir tablets 500mg can help reduce the duration and severity of acute symptoms and rash as well as reduce zoster-associated pain. Vaclovir for genital herpes Vaclovir tablets 500mg contain valacyclovir, an antiviral agent which is highly active against both types of herpes simplex virus, HSV-I, that causes cold sores and HSV-II that causes genital herpes, although HSV-I can also cause genital herpes, which is a sexually transmitted disease characterised by painful sores and blisters around the genital areas. Genital herpes can recur several times, particularly if your immune system is low or compromised. Vaclovir tablets 500mg can be used to treat an initial infection of genital herpes and reduce painful symptoms; and is also used for suppression to prevent the infection recurring. What are the side effects of Vaclovir? The most commonly reported side effects when taking Vaclovir tablets 500mg include headache, nausea, photosensitivity. When should Vaclovir not be used? You should not use Vaclovir tablets 500mg if you: are allergic to valacyclovir or any ingredients in Vaclovir are pregnant or are breastfeeding have kidney or liver disease have had a bone marrow transplant are taking medicines that interact with Vaclovir-500, without discussion with your doctor, including probenecid (a treatment for gout), cimetidine for ulcers, methotrexate for cancer treatment, the immunosuppressant ciclosporin, the antiviral foscarnet, aminoglycoside antibiotics. What medications interact with Vaclovir? Several medications interact with Vaclovir and should either not be taken while you are taking Vaclovir or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor: Drugs that affect Vaclovir: probenecid (a treatment for gout), cimetidine for ulcers, methotrexate for cancer treatment, the immunosuppressant ciclosporin, the antiviral foscarnet, aminoglycoside antibiotics How should Vaclovir be taken? You should take your Vaclovir tablets 500mg swallowed whole with a glass of water with or without food, once, twice or three times daily depending on what you are being treated for and your doctor’s recommendations. You should start taking your Vaclovir tablets 500mg as soon as possible after the first appearance of symptoms, such as tingling, burning, blisters. The dose you take, how often and for how long depends on what you are being treated for and your doctors recommendations. Your course of treatment may last for 3 to 10 days for an initial infection or longer, depending on your condition and whether you are taking Vaclovir tablets 500mg for initial or recurrent infection or for prevention. How long should you take Vaclovir? You should continue to take your Vaclovir-500 for as long as recommended by your doctor, which may be for 3-10 day, or longer depending on your condition and what you are being treated for. Missed dose of Vaclovir If you miss a dose of Vaclovir tablets 500mg take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose. How should Vaclovir be stored? You should store your Vaclovir tablets 500mg below 25°C in a cool dry place.
Betaloc CR 190mg (Metoprolol) Betaloc CR general information What is Betaloc CR used for? Betaloc CR tablets 190mg are used to treat a variety of conditions of the cardiovascular system including, control of hypertension (high blood pressure) by lowering blood pressure to reduce the risk of complications such as stroke and heart attack; management of angina (chest pain) in patients with heart disease; long-term prevention of myocardial infarction (heart attack); treatment of heart failure to improve survival and quality of life; and control of most forms of arrhythmias and dysrhythmias (irregular heart beat or rhythm) and palpitations. Betaloc CR tablets are also used for preventing migraine, and as a supplementary treatment for hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid). Betaloc CR tablets work through a common mechanism in several different body systems to manage the condition and relieve symptoms by reducing heart rate (pulse), workload on the heart (force needed to pump) and oxygen demand by the heart, which increases blood flow and lowers blood pressure. How does Betaloc CR work? Betaloc CR tablets 190mg contain metoprolol, which is a beta-blocker or selective beta 1-receptor antagonist and acts by blocking the action of chemicals called catecholamines, such as adrenaline (epinephrine), which are released by the adrenal glands in response to nerve stimulation during physical and mental stress. Adrenaline works via beta-receptors in the heart to stimulate increased heart rate and constriction (narrowing) of blood vessels. These actions of adrenaline are reduced or inhibited by metoprolol in Betaloc CR tablets, to slow heart rate, dilate (widen) blood vessels, lower blood pressure, and increase blood flow and oxygen to the heart. Since beta-receptors are found in many tissues, particularly the heart, kidneys, vascular smooth muscle in blood vessel walls, lung, skeletal muscle and liver, all short-term and long-term symptom relief due to taking Betaloc CR, is based on blocking beta-receptors in the target tissue. Betaloc CR tablets are formulated for controlled release so that metoprolol is that released in a sustained and time controlled manner, to ensure a more even effect over 24 hours, which provides better symptom relief with fewer side effects. What does Betaloc CR contain? Betaloc CR tablets 190mg contain the active ingredient metoprolol succinate, a beta-blocker used to treat variety of conditions of the cardiovascular system and other conditions. They also contain ethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, paraffin, polyethylene glycol, silicon dioxide, sodium stearyl fumarate, titanium dioxide What Betaloc CR doses are available? Betaloc CR tablets are available to order and buy online from Inhouse Pharmacy in doses of 23.75mg, 47.5mg, 95mg and 190mg. Treating blood pressure (hypertension) with Betaloc CR Betaloc CR tablets 190mg contain metoprolol, which is a beta-blocker and acts by blocking the action of chemicals called catecholamines, such as adrenaline (epinephrine), which are released by the adrenal glands in response to nerve stimulation during physical and mental stress. Betaloc CR tablets 190mg are used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) by widening blood vessels, reducing heart rate (number of heart beats) and reducing the force of the heart contraction. These actions lower blood pressure and help the heart to cope better, reducing symptoms of breathlessness on exertion and reducing the risk of complications such as stroke and heart attack, due to high blood pressure. Treating heart disease with Betaloc CR Betaloc CR tablets 190mg contain metoprolol, which is a beta-blocker and acts by blocking the action of chemicals called catecholamines, such as adrenaline (epinephrine), which are released by the adrenal glands in response to nerve stimulation during physical and mental stress. Betaloc CR tablets 190mg are used to treat a variety of conditions of the cardiovascular system to improve survival, reduce symptoms and improve the quality of life in patients with heart disease, including, control of hypertension (high blood pressure), management of angina (chest pain); long-term prevention of myocardial infarction (heart attack) and treatment of heart failure. What are the side effects of Betaloc CR? The mot common side effects reported while taking Betaloc CR tablets 190mg include: tiredness, dizziness when you change position, cold hands and feet, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, stomach pain, constipation, palpitations, weight gain, sleep disturbances or nightmares, shortness of breath on exertion, mood changes or confusion, dry eyes. When should Betaloc CR not be used? You should not use Betaloc CR tablets 190mg if you: are allergic to metoprolol or any other ingredients in Betaloc CR tablets have a history of obstructive lung disorder, bronchial asthma or bronchospasm are diabetic and taking hypoglycaemic therapy, without discussion with your doctor as metoprolol may prolong the hypoglycaemic response to insulin are pregnant or breast feeding, without discussion with your doctor have, poor peripheral blood circulation, uncontrolled heart failure, low blood pressure (hypotension), have a phaeochromocytoma (a rare tumour of the adrenal gland) which is not already being treated with other medicines have certain other heart problems are taking medication that may interact with Betaloc CR tablets, including: other medicines for high blood pressure; angina or an irregular heart beat such as calcium channel blockers (diltiazem, verapamil, and nifedipine), antiarrhythmics (disopyramide) digoxin, clonidine, hydralazine; other beta-blockers, including eye drops; the antibiotic rifampicin; adrenaline for emergencies like anaphylaxis; monoamine oxidase inhibitors; antiinflammatories like ibuprofen or indomethacin; cimetidine for reflux and ulcers; chlorpromazine for psychiatric disorders. How should Betaloc CR be taken? You should take your Betaloc CR tablets 190mg with a glass of water, swallowed whole, with or without food, usually once daily either morning or evening, but at the same time each day. You should take Betaloc CR tablets according to your doctor’s recommendations and the number of capsules you take each day, how often you take them and for how long depends on the condition you are being treated for. The dose you are taking may be increased by your doctor. You must take your capsules every day, as instructed and if you are advised to stop taking them, withdrawal should be gradual and treatment should not be discontinued abruptly. How long should you take Betaloc CR? You should take your Betaloc CR tablets 190mg for as long as your doctor recommendations, which may be for a few days, weeks, months or longer depending on the condition you are being treated for. Missed dose of Betaloc CR If you miss a dose of Betaloc CR tablets 190mg take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose. How should Betaloc CR be stored? You should store your Betaloc CR tablets 190mg in a cool dry place below 25°C, protected from light and moisture.
Amaryl 2mg (Glimepiride) 30's Amaryl general information What is Amaryl used for? Amaryl tablets 2mg are an antidiabetic medication used to control blood sugar levels in people with type-2 diabetes mellitus (also called non insulin-dependent diabetes or maturity onset diabetes) who are unable to achieve adequate glycaemic control (normal blood sugar levels) with diet and exercise alone. Amaryl tablets 2mg should be used in conjunction with diet, exercise and weight loss to lower blood sugar levels in type-2 diabetes mellitus and can be used alone as monotherapy, in conjunction with diet and exercise, or in combination with other antihyperglycaemic medication (lowers blood sugar), like metformin, when a single drug does not result in adequate glycaemic control. However, Amaryl tablets 2mg are not suitable for treatment of type-1 diabetes mellitus or insulin-dependent diabetes. Diabetes increases the risk of serious health complications, including diabetic retinopathy (damage to the retina in the eye with loss of vision), diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage) and diabetic nephropathy (kidney damage). Maintaining glycaemic control with Amaryl tablets 2mg reduces the risk of developing these vascular complications. How does Amaryl work? Amaryl tablets 2mg contain glimepiride, an oral antihyperglycaemic medication belonging to the sulfonylurea group of drugs. Glimepiride in Amaryl tablets 2mg controls blood glucose (sugar) primarily by acting directly on the beta cells, which are the insulin-producing cells of pancreatic islet tissue, to increase their sensitivity to glucose and to stimulate the cells to produce and release more insulin. Insulin is normally produced in response to food and increased blood glucose levels and it controls postprandial (after eating) blood glucose levels (glycaemic control). In diabetes, resistance to insulin results in loss of glycaemic control. Glimepiride in Amaryl tablets 2mg helps the body to produce sufficient insulin to maintain normal blood glucose levels after a meal as well as between meals and is effective for up to 24 hours. It is also thought that as well as acting as an insulin secretagogue (stimulates insulin secretion) glimepiride in Amaryl tablets 2mg also acts on insulin-responsive cells in the liver, muscle and fat cells to increase the number of receptors, which means that insulin control of glucose production by the liver and uptake of insulin into peripheral tissues for energy and storage, is more efficient. What does Amaryl contain? Amaryl tablets 2mg contains the active ingredient glimepiride, an oral antihyperglycaemic medication belonging to the sulfonylurea group of drugs, used to treat type-2 diabetes. They also contain, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, povidone, sodium starch glycollate, indigo carmine, iron oxide yellow. Treating type 2 diabetes with Amaryl Amaryl tablets 2mg contain glimepiride, an oral antihyperglycaemic medication, used to control blood sugar levels in people with type-2 diabetes mellitus (also called non insulin-dependent diabetes or maturity onset diabetes) who are unable to achieve adequate glycaemic control (normal blood sugar levels) with diet and exercise alone. Glimepiride in Amaryl tablets 2mg controls blood glucose (sugar) primarily by acting directly on the insulin-producing beta cells of pancreatic islet tissue, to stimulate the cells to produce more insulin. Insulin is normally produced in response to food and increased blood glucose levels, and it controls postprandial (after eating) blood glucose levels (glycaemic control). In diabetes, resistance to insulin results in loss of glycaemic control. Amaryl tablets 2mg help the body to produce sufficient insulin to maintain normal blood glucose levels after a meal as well as between meals and is effective for up to 24 hours. It is also thought that as well as stimulating insulin secretion, glimepiride in Amaryl tablets 2mg also acts on insulin-responsive cells in the liver, muscle and fat cells to increase the number of receptors, which means that insulin control of glucose production by the liver and insulin uptake into peripheral tissues for energy and storage, is more efficient. Maintaining glycaemic control with Amaryl tablets 2mg reduces risk of serious health complications associated with diabetes, including diabetic retinopathy (damage to the retina in the eye with loss of vision), diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage) and diabetic nephropathy (kidney damage). What are the side effects of Amaryl? The most commonly reported side effects when taking Amaryl tablets 2mg include: gastrointestinal complaints like nausea, diarrhoea, constipation and stomach or abdominal pain; allergic skin reactions like, redness (erythema), itching (pruritus), hives (urticaria); dizziness, drowsiness, headache, visual disturbances, confusion, malaise and tremor, which are usually transient and may be signs of hypoglycaemia. A more serious side effect of taking Amaryl tablets 2mg is severe hypoglycaemia (very low blood glucose), as glimepiride continues to work between meals to reduce blood sugar levels, so it is important to eat regularly; also certain other conditions like liver or kidney problems, or taking other medications like beta blockers, can make you more susceptible to hypoglycaemia. Other symptoms of hypoglycaemia include headache, hunger, restlessness, loss of consciousness, which can result in coma. What is hypoglycaemia (hypo) Having a hypo is an unpleasant episode experienced by diabetics and refers to extreme hypoglycaemia or very low blood glucose. Glimepiride in Amaryl tablets 2mg continue to work between meals to reduce blood sugar levels and therefore if glucose levels fall too low, by missing a meal or waiting too long between eating, severe hypoglycaemia, which is very low blood glucose, can be the result. Symptoms of hypoglycaemia include headache, hunger, nausea, vomiting, restlessness, sensory disturbances, delirium, loss of consciousness, which can result in shallow respiration, bradycardia (slow heart beat) and coma. When should Amaryl not be used? You should not use Amaryl tablets 2mg if you: are allergic to glimepiride or any ingredients in Amaryl are pregnant or are breastfeeding have kidney or liver or thyroid disease have type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes or suffer from diabetic coma or diabetic ketoacidosis have G6PD deficiency as you may be at risk of haemolytic anaemia are malnourished or have adrenal or pituitary insufficiency, as this may increase risk of hypoglycaemia are taking medicines that interact with Amaryl, including: the antifungals miconazole and fluconazole, non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAID) like phenylbutazone, salicylate analgesicis like aspirin, beta-blockers like propranolol for high blood pressure and certain heart conditions, ACE Inhibitors like benezapril for high blood pressure, cimetidine for peptic ulcers, monoamine oxidase inhibitors for depression, probenecid for gout, the anticoagulant warfarin, the antibiotic chloramphenicol, sulphonamide antibiotics, corticosteroids for inflammation, bronchodilators like salbutamol, thiazides and other diuretics, thyroid hormones, oestrogens and progestogens for oral contraceptives and HRT, phenytoin for epilepsy, nicotinic acid for high cholesterol, calcium channel blocking drugs like verapamil for angina, isoniazid for tuberculosis What medications interact with Amaryl? Several medications interact with Amaryl tablets 2mg and should either not be taken while you are taking Amaryl or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor: Drugs that affect Amaryl tablets 2mg and cause hypoglaemia (low blood sugar) by increasing its glucose-lowering effect: the antifungals miconazole and fluconazole, non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAID) like phenylbutazone, salicylate analgesics like aspirin, beta-blockers like propranolol for high blood pressure and certain heart conditions, ACE Inhibitors like benezapril for high blood pressure, cimetidine for peptic ulcers, monoamine oxidase inhibitors for depression, probenecid for gout, the anticoagulant warfarin, the antibiotic chloramphenicol, sulphonamide antibiotics, bronchodilators like salbutamol Drugs that affect Amaryl tablets 2mg and cause hyperglycaemia (high blood sugar) by reducing its glucose-lowering effect: Danazol for hormone treatment, the antipsychotic chlorpromazine, corticosteroids for inflammation, bronchodilators like salbutamol, thiazides and other diuretics, thyroid hormones, oestrogens and progestogens for oral contraceptives and HRT, phenytoin for epilepsy, nicotinic acid for high cholesterol, calcium channel blocking drugs like verapamil for angina, isoniazid for tuberculosis How should Amaryl be taken? You should take your Amaryl tablets 2mg swallowed whole with a glass of water just before breakfast of if you only have a light breakfast, then take your Amaryl tablets just before your midday meal. It is important that you do not skip a meal while taking Amaryl tablets 2mg. The dose you take depends on how well you respond and your doctor may increase your dose until your blood glucose has reached normal levels and remains controlled. You should continue to take your Amaryl tablets 2mg for as long as recommended by your doctor, as they with help maintain your blood sugar levels but will not cure your diabetes. How long should you take Amaryl? You should continue to take your Amaryl tablets 2mg for as long as recommended by your doctor, as they with help maintain your blood sugar levels but will not cure your diabetes. Missed dose of Amaryl If you miss a dose of Amaryl tablets 2mg take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose. How should Amaryl be stored? You should store your Amaryl below 25°C in a cool dry place.

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Ipca Propranolol general information

What is Ipca Propranolol used for?

Ipca tablets 40mg are used to treat a variety of heart conditions including control of hypertension (high blood pressure); management of angina pectoris (chest pain) due to coronary atherosclerosis.

Ipca Propranolol is also used for reducing situational and generalised anxiety, particularly the physical symptoms of anxiety (somatic), preventing migraine, management of essential tremor and as an adjunctive treatment of the management thyrotoxicosis (overactive thyroid).

Ipca Propranolol is also used as prophylaxis to prevent bleeding due to portal hypertension (high blood pressure in the portal veins from the stomach, spleen, pancreas an intestine) and esophageal varices (enlarged veins in the oesophagus); also, for hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (thickening of the heart muscle causing obstruction to blood flow).

Ipca tablets 40mg work through a common mechanism in several different body systems to manage the condition and relieve symptoms by reducing heart rate (pulse), workload on the heart (force needed to pump) and oxygen demand by the heart, which results in increased blood flow and lower blood pressure.

How does Ipca Propranolol work?

Ipca Propranolol contains propranolol, which is a nonselective beta-blocker or antagonist that binds to the beta-receptor and acts by blocking the action of chemicals called catecholamines, such as adrenaline (epinephrine), which are released by the adrenal glands in response to nerve stimulation during physical and mental stress. Adrenaline works via beta-receptors in the heart to stimulate increased heart rate and constriction (narrowing) of blood vessels.

Propranolol in Ipca tablets 40mg blocks these actions of adrenaline, to slow heart rate, dilate (widen) blood vessels, lower blood pressure, and increase blood flow and oxygen to the heart. Since beta-receptors are found in many tissues, particularly the heart, kidneys, vascular smooth muscle in blood vessel walls, lung, skeletal muscle and liver, all short-term and long-term symptom relief due to taking Ipca Propranolol, is based on blocking beta-receptors in the target tissue.

What does Ipca Propranolol contain?

Ipca Propranolol contains the active ingredient propranolol 40mg, a beta blocker that blocks the action of adrenaline, to slow heart rate and relax blood vessels, amongst other actions, and is used to treat a variety of conditions.

What are the inactive ingredients in Ipca Propranolol Tablets?

Ipca Propranolol also contains the following inactive ingredients: Sunset Yellow FCF Aluminium lake Cl15985, Lactose monohydrate, Magnesium stearate, Maize starch, Povidone, Quinoline yellow, and Sodium starch glycolate.

Treating high blood pressure (hypertension) with Ipca Propranolol

Ipca tablets 40mg contain propranolol, a beta-blocker that blocks the action of adrenaline (epinephrine); released by the adrenal glands in response to nerve stimulation (for example due to stress). Adrenaline stimulates beta-receptors in blood vessel walls, causing blood vessels to constrict (narrow) which reduces blood flow and raises blood pressure.

Ipca Propranolol is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) by widening blood vessels (vasodilation), reducing heart rate (number of heart beats) and reducing the force of the heart contraction. These actions lower blood pressure and help the heart to cope better.

Treating angina with Ipca Propranolol

Ipca Propranolol tablets contain propranolol, a beta-blocker that blocks the action of adrenaline (epinephrine); released by the adrenal glands in response to nerve stimulation (for example due to stress). Adrenaline stimulates beta-receptors in the heart muscle, which increases heart rate and the strength of muscular contraction in response to excitement/physical exertion. Ipca Propranolol is used for management of angina by reducing heart rate and force of contraction of the heart and widening blood vessels. When the heart does not have to work as hard, it requires less oxygen and the reduced workload relieves symptoms of angina, such as chest pain and breathlessness on exertion.

What are the side effects of Ipca Propranolol?

The most commonly reported side effects when taking Ipca Propranolol include, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, stomach pain, bradycardia (slow heart rate), tiredness, dizziness, hypotension (low heart rate), coldness of the extremities, peripheral vasoconstriction, sleep disturbances or nightmares, hair loss, mood changes or confusion.

When should Ipca Propranolol not be used?

You should not use Ipca Propranolol if you:

are allergic to propranolol or any ingredients in Ipca Propranolol
have a history of bronchial asthma or bronchospasm
are diabetic and taking hypoglycaemic therapy as propranolol may prolong the hypoglycaemic response to insulin
have, poor peripheral blood circulation, uncontrolled heart failure, low blood pressure (hypotension), metabolic acidosis (too much acid in your blood) or a certain type of angina called Prinzmetal's angina
have a phaeochromocytoma (a rare tumour of the adrenal gland) which is not already being treated with other medicines
have certain other heart problems
are taking medication that may interact with Ipca Propranolol, including other medicines for high blood pressure angina or an irregular heartbeat such as calcium channel blockers (disopyramide) digoxin, clonidine, hydralazine, diltiazem, verapamil, and nifedipine; adrenaline for emergencies like anaphylaxis; ergotamine and derivatives for migraine; antiinflammatories like ibuprofen or indomethacin; cimetidine for reflux and ulcers; chlorpromazine for psychiatric disorders.

What medications interact with Ipca Propranolol?

Several medications interact with Ipca Propranolol and should either not be taken while you are taking Ipca Propranolol or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor:

Drugs that cause a serious reaction with Ipca Propranolol: other medicines for high blood pressure angina or an irregular heartbeat such as calcium channel blockers (disopyramide) digoxin, clonidine, hydralazine, diltiazem, verapamil, and nifedipine, ergotamine and derivatives for migraine
Drugs that affect Ipca Propranolol: adrenaline for emergencies like anaphylaxis, cimetidine for reflux and ulcers, chlorpromazine for psychiatric disorders, antiinflammatories like ibuprofen or indomethacin
Drugs that are affected by Ipca Propranolol: chlorpromazine for psychiatric disorders

How should Ipca Propranolol be taken?

You should take your Ipca Propranolol tablets with a glass of water, with or without food. The number of tablets you take each day, how often you take them depends on the condition you are being treated for and your doctor’s recommendations. You should continue take your Ipca Propranolol tablets every day, as instructed and if you are advised to stop taking them, withdrawal should be gradual, and treatment should not be discontinued abruptly. You should continue take your Ipca Propranolol tablets for as long as recommended by your doctor, which may be for a few days or weeks, depending on the condition you are being treated for.

How long should you take Ipca Propranolol?

You should continue take your Ipca Propranolol tablets for as long as recommended by your doctor, which may be for a few days or weeks, depending on the condition you are being treated for.

Missed dose of Ipca Propranolol

If you miss a dose of Ipca Propranolol, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose.

How should Ipca Propranolol be stored?

You should store your Ipca Propranolol below 25°C in a cool dry place kept well out of reach of children.

Esomac 40 (Esomeprazole 40mg)

Esomac general information

What is Esomac used for?

Esomac tablets 40mg are used to treat conditions caused by gastric reflux, which is when the acidic contents of the stomach flow back into the oesophagus because the sphincter (muscle at the junction of the oesophagus and stomach) that normally acts as a one-way valve and prevents backflow of stomach contents, does not function properly or is damaged. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD), as this condition is known, causes symptoms like heartburn and dyspepsia (indigestion and abdominal pain), and can damage the oesophagus causing inflammation (oesophagitis). Esomac 40 is also used to treat and prevent peptic ulcers in the stomach (gastric ulcers or damage to the stomach lining) and duodenum (duodenal ulcers or damage to the lining of the upper intestine); and gastric ulcers caused by use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID); also as combination therapy to treat gastric ulcers that are caused by infection of the stomach with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, in conjunction with using antibiotics. Esomac 40 is also used to treat symptoms of acid-related dyspepsia that can be caused by eating high fat or acidic foods, or Zollinger-Ellison syndrome in which increased levels of the hormone gastrin causes an excessive production of gastric acid.

How does Esomac work?

Esomac tablets 40mg contain esomeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor that is used to treat conditions caused by excess gastric acid, by reducing the amount of gastric acid released into the stomach. Stomach acid is needed for digestion of proteins in your diet and is made by the parietal cells of the stomach wall. Gastric acid production is dependent on the action of the enzyme H⁺/K⁺-ATPase, which is the proton pump responsible for pumping positive hydrogen ions out of the cells into the stomach, which increases the acidity of the stomach contents. Esomeprazole in Esomac 40 inhibits the functioning of the H⁺/K⁺-ATPase, which prevents acid secretion by blocking the source of acid production. This action of esomeprazole reduces the acidity of the stomach contents, which reduces the acid damage that can be caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and oesophagitis and relieves symptoms caused by excess gastric acid like heartburn and dyspepsia. By inhibiting gastric acid secretion Esomac 40 also help prevent the formation of gastric (stomach) and duodenal (upper intestine) peptic ulcers and also helps ulcers and damage caused by gastric reflux to heal.

What does Esomac contain?

Esomac tablets 40mg contain the active ingredient esomeprazole, which is a proton pump inhibitor that is used to treat conditions caused by excess gastric acid secretion.

Treating gastric reflux with Esomac

Esomac tablets 40mg contain esomeprazole, which is used to treat conditions caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD). Gastric reflux is when the acidic contents of the stomach flow back into the oesophagus because the sphincter (muscle at the junction of the oesophagus and stomach) that normally acts as a one-way valve and prevents backflow of stomach contents, does not function properly or is damaged. Symptoms caused by gastric reflux include heartburn and dyspepsia (indigestion and abdominal pain), and damage to the oesophagus causing inflammation (oesophagitis). Esomeprazole in Esomac tablets 40mg reduces acid secretion by parietal cells of the stomach wall, by blocking the action of the enzyme H⁺/K⁺-ATPase, which is responsible for acid production. This action of esomeprazole reduces the acidity of the stomach contents, which reduces the acid damage that can be caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and oesophagitis, relieves symptoms caused by excess gastric acid like heartburn and dyspepsia; as well as helping damaged tissues caused by excess acid to heal.

Esomac for peptic ulcers

Esomac tablets 40mg contain the active ingredient esomeprazole, which is used to treat and prevent prevent peptic ulcers in the stomach (gastric ulcers or damage to the stomach lining) and duodenum (duodenal ulcers or damage to the lining of the upper intestine), caused by excess secretion of gastric acid; and gastric ulcers caused by use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). Esomac tablets 40mg are also used as combination therapy to treat and prevent gastric ulcers that are caused by infection of the stomach with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, in conjunction with using antibiotics. Esomeprazole in Esomac tablets 40mg reduces acid secretion by parietal cells of the stomach wall, by blocking the action of the enzyme H⁺/K⁺-ATPase, which responsible for acid production. This action of esomeprazole reduces the acidity of the stomach contents, which reduces the acid damage to the stomach wall and allows ulcers that have already developed to heal.

What are the side effects of Esomac?

The most commonly reported side effects when taking Esomac include, include: constipation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, wind (flatulence), headache, dry mouth, skin rash, dizziness, sensation of tingling in the skin (paraesthesia), insomnia.

When should Esomac not be used?

You should not use Esomac 40 if you:

are allergic to esomeprazole or any ingredients in Esomac
are taking medicines that interact with Esomac including: the antifungals ketoconazole and itraconazole, the anticoagulant warfarin, phenytoin for epilepsy, the antiretroviral atazanavir, the antibiotic clarithromycin, the immunosuppressive tacrolimus, the sedative diazepam

How should Esomac be taken?

You should take your Esomac tablets 40mg with a glass of water at least one hour before a meal. You should continue to take your Esomac tablets 40mg for as long as recommended by your doctor, usually for a few weeks to 6 months, depending on the condition you are being treated for.

How long should you take Esomac?

You should continue to take your Esomac tablets 40mg for as long as recommended by your doctor, usually for a few weeks to 6 months, depending on the condition you are being treated for.

Missed dose of Esomac

If you miss a dose of Esomac 40 take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose.

How should Esomac be stored?

You should store your Esomac 40 below 25°C in a cool dry place.

Vaclovir (Valaciclovir) 500mg

Vaclovir general information

What is Vaclovir used for?

Vaclovir tablets 500mg are used to treat infections of the skin and mucous membranes caused by Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), including cold sores (herpes labialis); also initial and recurrent episodes of genital herpes in people with a healthy immune system, and can prevent lesions when taken as soon as symptoms of an HSV recurrence appears. Vaclovir tablets 500mg are also used for suppression of recurrent genital herpes infections in people with an active immune system (immunocompetent) and to reduce the transmission of genital herpes to others. In HIV-infected patients who are immunocompromised, Vaclovir tablets 500mg are used for prevention (prophylaxis) of herpes infections. Vaclovir tablets 500mg are also used to treat cold sores in children who are at least 12 years old, and to treat chickenpox, caused by the closely related Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) in children who are at least 2 years old. Vaclovir tablets 500mg are also used to treat Herpes zoster (shingles) caused by VZV in immunocompetent adults, provided the infection is less than 72 hours duration. Vaclovir tablets 500mg are also used to prevent opportunistic infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) and other herpes virus infections (HSV, VZV) following organ transplantation

How does Vaclovir work?

Vaclovir tablets 500mg contain valacyclovir, a prodrug of acyclovir that is more readily absorbed and is converted to acyclovir by the liver. Valacyclovir in Vaclovir tablets 500mg then works in the same way as acyclovir, as an antiviral agent that is highly active against both types of herpes simplex virus, HSV-I, that causes cold sores and HSV-II that causes genital herpes; and also against the closely related varicella zoster herpes virus that causes chicken pox and shingles. Acyclovir inhibits the action of a viral enzyme (DNA polymerase), blocking viral DNA synthesis without affecting normal cellular processes. This prevents the virus replicating and therefore, stops the growth and spread of the virus, relieving symptoms of the infection and helping the body to fight off the infection. Vaclovir tablets 500mg will not cure a herpes infection, as the virus can lie dormant in infected cells until reactivated when immunity is low due to stress or other illness or even exposure to sunlight, causing new infections like cold sores and shingles; but it does reduce pain and help the sores caused by the infection to heal faster.

What does Vaclovir contain?

Vaclovir tablets 500mg contains the active ingredient valacyclovir 500mg, an antiviral used to treat herpes virus infections. They also contain microcrystalline cellulose and magnesium stearate in the tablet core and hypromellose, titanium dioxide and polyethylene glycol in the film coat.

Treating herpes infection with Vaclovir

Treating shingles with Vaclovir-500

Vaclovir tablets 500mg contain valacyclovir, an antiviral agent which is highly active against both types of herpes simplex virus, HSV-I, that causes cold sores and HSV-II that causes genital herpes and also against the closely related varicella zoster herpes virus that causes chicken pox and shingles. Herpes zoster or shingles is caused by the same type of herpes virus that causes the common childhood infection chicken pox (varicella). The blisters associated with chicken pox are characteristic of the initial infection with varicella zoster virus (of the herpes family) which migrate to nerve cells and remain dormant (not replicating) once chicken pox blisters have gone. Years later, the virus can be activated by stress, other illness or even exposure to sunlight, causing the virus to travel down the nerve and infect the skin again, replicating and causing the painful rash of blisters associated with shingles as well as nerve pain or post-herpetic neuralgia. Vaclovir tablets 500mg can help reduce the duration and severity of acute symptoms and rash as well as reduce zoster-associated pain.

Vaclovir for genital herpes

Vaclovir tablets 500mg contain valacyclovir, an antiviral agent which is highly active against both types of herpes simplex virus, HSV-I, that causes cold sores and HSV-II that causes genital herpes, although HSV-I can also cause genital herpes, which is a sexually transmitted disease characterised by painful sores and blisters around the genital areas. Genital herpes can recur several times, particularly if your immune system is low or compromised. Vaclovir tablets 500mg can be used to treat an initial infection of genital herpes and reduce painful symptoms; and is also used for suppression to prevent the infection recurring.

What are the side effects of Vaclovir?

The most commonly reported side effects when taking Vaclovir tablets 500mg include headache, nausea, photosensitivity.

When should Vaclovir not be used?

You should not use Vaclovir tablets 500mg if you:

are allergic to valacyclovir or any ingredients in Vaclovir
are pregnant or are breastfeeding
have kidney or liver disease
have had a bone marrow transplant
are taking medicines that interact with Vaclovir-500, without discussion with your doctor, including probenecid (a treatment for gout), cimetidine for ulcers, methotrexate for cancer treatment, the immunosuppressant ciclosporin, the antiviral foscarnet, aminoglycoside antibiotics.

What medications interact with Vaclovir?

Several medications interact with Vaclovir and should either not be taken while you are taking Vaclovir or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor:

Drugs that affect Vaclovir: probenecid (a treatment for gout), cimetidine for ulcers, methotrexate for cancer treatment, the immunosuppressant ciclosporin, the antiviral foscarnet, aminoglycoside antibiotics

How should Vaclovir be taken?

You should take your Vaclovir tablets 500mg swallowed whole with a glass of water with or without food, once, twice or three times daily depending on what you are being treated for and your doctor’s recommendations. You should start taking your Vaclovir tablets 500mg as soon as possible after the first appearance of symptoms, such as tingling, burning, blisters. The dose you take, how often and for how long depends on what you are being treated for and your doctors recommendations. Your course of treatment may last for 3 to 10 days for an initial infection or longer, depending on your condition and whether you are taking Vaclovir tablets 500mg for initial or recurrent infection or for prevention.

How long should you take Vaclovir?

You should continue to take your Vaclovir-500 for as long as recommended by your doctor, which may be for 3-10 day, or longer depending on your condition and what you are being treated for.

Missed dose of Vaclovir

If you miss a dose of Vaclovir tablets 500mg take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose.

How should Vaclovir be stored?

You should store your Vaclovir tablets 500mg below 25°C in a cool dry place.

Betaloc CR 190mg (Metoprolol)

Betaloc CR general information

What is Betaloc CR used for?

Betaloc CR tablets 190mg are used to treat a variety of conditions of the cardiovascular system including, control of hypertension (high blood pressure) by lowering blood pressure to reduce the risk of complications such as stroke and heart attack; management of angina (chest pain) in patients with heart disease; long-term prevention of myocardial infarction (heart attack); treatment of heart failure to improve survival and quality of life; and control of most forms of arrhythmias and dysrhythmias (irregular heart beat or rhythm) and palpitations. Betaloc CR tablets are also used for preventing migraine, and as a supplementary treatment for hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid). Betaloc CR tablets work through a common mechanism in several different body systems to manage the condition and relieve symptoms by reducing heart rate (pulse), workload on the heart (force needed to pump) and oxygen demand by the heart, which increases blood flow and lowers blood pressure.

How does Betaloc CR work?

Betaloc CR tablets 190mg contain metoprolol, which is a beta-blocker or selective beta 1-receptor antagonist and acts by blocking the action of chemicals called catecholamines, such as adrenaline (epinephrine), which are released by the adrenal glands in response to nerve stimulation during physical and mental stress. Adrenaline works via beta-receptors in the heart to stimulate increased heart rate and constriction (narrowing) of blood vessels. These actions of adrenaline are reduced or inhibited by metoprolol in Betaloc CR tablets, to slow heart rate, dilate (widen) blood vessels, lower blood pressure, and increase blood flow and oxygen to the heart. Since beta-receptors are found in many tissues, particularly the heart, kidneys, vascular smooth muscle in blood vessel walls, lung, skeletal muscle and liver, all short-term and long-term symptom relief due to taking Betaloc CR, is based on blocking beta-receptors in the target tissue. Betaloc CR tablets are formulated for controlled release so that metoprolol is that released in a sustained and time controlled manner, to ensure a more even effect over 24 hours, which provides better symptom relief with fewer side effects.

What does Betaloc CR contain?

Betaloc CR tablets 190mg contain the active ingredient metoprolol succinate, a beta-blocker used to treat variety of conditions of the cardiovascular system and other conditions. They also contain ethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, paraffin, polyethylene glycol, silicon dioxide, sodium stearyl fumarate, titanium dioxide

What Betaloc CR doses are available?

Betaloc CR tablets are available to order and buy online from Inhouse Pharmacy in doses of 23.75mg, 47.5mg, 95mg and 190mg.

Treating blood pressure (hypertension) with Betaloc CR

Betaloc CR tablets 190mg contain metoprolol, which is a beta-blocker and acts by blocking the action of chemicals called catecholamines, such as adrenaline (epinephrine), which are released by the adrenal glands in response to nerve stimulation during physical and mental stress. Betaloc CR tablets 190mg are used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) by widening blood vessels, reducing heart rate (number of heart beats) and reducing the force of the heart contraction. These actions lower blood pressure and help the heart to cope better, reducing symptoms of breathlessness on exertion and reducing the risk of complications such as stroke and heart attack, due to high blood pressure.

Treating heart disease with Betaloc CR

Betaloc CR tablets 190mg contain metoprolol, which is a beta-blocker and acts by blocking the action of chemicals called catecholamines, such as adrenaline (epinephrine), which are released by the adrenal glands in response to nerve stimulation during physical and mental stress. Betaloc CR tablets 190mg are used to treat a variety of conditions of the cardiovascular system to improve survival, reduce symptoms and improve the quality of life in patients with heart disease, including, control of hypertension (high blood pressure), management of angina (chest pain); long-term prevention of myocardial infarction (heart attack) and treatment of heart failure.

What are the side effects of Betaloc CR?

The mot common side effects reported while taking Betaloc CR tablets 190mg include: tiredness, dizziness when you change position, cold hands and feet, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, stomach pain, constipation, palpitations, weight gain, sleep disturbances or nightmares, shortness of breath on exertion, mood changes or confusion, dry eyes.

When should Betaloc CR not be used?

You should not use Betaloc CR tablets 190mg if you:

are allergic to metoprolol or any other ingredients in Betaloc CR tablets
have a history of obstructive lung disorder, bronchial asthma or bronchospasm
are diabetic and taking hypoglycaemic therapy, without discussion with your doctor as metoprolol may prolong the hypoglycaemic response to insulin
are pregnant or breast feeding, without discussion with your doctor
have, poor peripheral blood circulation, uncontrolled heart failure, low blood pressure (hypotension),
have a phaeochromocytoma (a rare tumour of the adrenal gland) which is not already being treated with other medicines
have certain other heart problems
are taking medication that may interact with Betaloc CR tablets, including: other medicines for high blood pressure; angina or an irregular heart beat such as calcium channel blockers (diltiazem, verapamil, and nifedipine), antiarrhythmics (disopyramide) digoxin, clonidine, hydralazine; other beta-blockers, including eye drops; the antibiotic rifampicin; adrenaline for emergencies like anaphylaxis; monoamine oxidase inhibitors; antiinflammatories like ibuprofen or indomethacin; cimetidine for reflux and ulcers; chlorpromazine for psychiatric disorders.

How should Betaloc CR be taken?

You should take your Betaloc CR tablets 190mg with a glass of water, swallowed whole, with or without food, usually once daily either morning or evening, but at the same time each day. You should take Betaloc CR tablets according to your doctor’s recommendations and the number of capsules you take each day, how often you take them and for how long depends on the condition you are being treated for. The dose you are taking may be increased by your doctor. You must take your capsules every day, as instructed and if you are advised to stop taking them, withdrawal should be gradual and treatment should not be discontinued abruptly.

How long should you take Betaloc CR?

You should take your Betaloc CR tablets 190mg for as long as your doctor recommendations, which may be for a few days, weeks, months or longer depending on the condition you are being treated for.

Missed dose of Betaloc CR

If you miss a dose of Betaloc CR tablets 190mg take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose.

How should Betaloc CR be stored?

You should store your Betaloc CR tablets 190mg in a cool dry place below 25°C, protected from light and moisture.

Amaryl 2mg (Glimepiride) 30's

Amaryl general information

What is Amaryl used for?

Amaryl tablets 2mg are an antidiabetic medication used to control blood sugar levels in people with type-2 diabetes mellitus (also called non insulin-dependent diabetes or maturity onset diabetes) who are unable to achieve adequate glycaemic control (normal blood sugar levels) with diet and exercise alone. Amaryl tablets 2mg should be used in conjunction with diet, exercise and weight loss to lower blood sugar levels in type-2 diabetes mellitus and can be used alone as monotherapy, in conjunction with diet and exercise, or in combination with other antihyperglycaemic medication (lowers blood sugar), like metformin, when a single drug does not result in adequate glycaemic control. However, Amaryl tablets 2mg are not suitable for treatment of type-1 diabetes mellitus or insulin-dependent diabetes. Diabetes increases the risk of serious health complications, including diabetic retinopathy (damage to the retina in the eye with loss of vision), diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage) and diabetic nephropathy (kidney damage). Maintaining glycaemic control with Amaryl tablets 2mg reduces the risk of developing these vascular complications.

How does Amaryl work?

Amaryl tablets 2mg contain glimepiride, an oral antihyperglycaemic medication belonging to the sulfonylurea group of drugs. Glimepiride in Amaryl tablets 2mg controls blood glucose (sugar) primarily by acting directly on the beta cells, which are the insulin-producing cells of pancreatic islet tissue, to increase their sensitivity to glucose and to stimulate the cells to produce and release more insulin. Insulin is normally produced in response to food and increased blood glucose levels and it controls postprandial (after eating) blood glucose levels (glycaemic control). In diabetes, resistance to insulin results in loss of glycaemic control. Glimepiride in Amaryl tablets 2mg helps the body to produce sufficient insulin to maintain normal blood glucose levels after a meal as well as between meals and is effective for up to 24 hours. It is also thought that as well as acting as an insulin secretagogue (stimulates insulin secretion) glimepiride in Amaryl tablets 2mg also acts on insulin-responsive cells in the liver, muscle and fat cells to increase the number of receptors, which means that insulin control of glucose production by the liver and uptake of insulin into peripheral tissues for energy and storage, is more efficient.

What does Amaryl contain?

Amaryl tablets 2mg contains the active ingredient glimepiride, an oral antihyperglycaemic medication belonging to the sulfonylurea group of drugs, used to treat type-2 diabetes. They also contain, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, povidone, sodium starch glycollate, indigo carmine, iron oxide yellow.

Treating type 2 diabetes with Amaryl

Amaryl tablets 2mg contain glimepiride, an oral antihyperglycaemic medication, used to control blood sugar levels in people with type-2 diabetes mellitus (also called non insulin-dependent diabetes or maturity onset diabetes) who are unable to achieve adequate glycaemic control (normal blood sugar levels) with diet and exercise alone. Glimepiride in Amaryl tablets 2mg controls blood glucose (sugar) primarily by acting directly on the insulin-producing beta cells of pancreatic islet tissue, to stimulate the cells to produce more insulin. Insulin is normally produced in response to food and increased blood glucose levels, and it controls postprandial (after eating) blood glucose levels (glycaemic control). In diabetes, resistance to insulin results in loss of glycaemic control. Amaryl tablets 2mg help the body to produce sufficient insulin to maintain normal blood glucose levels after a meal as well as between meals and is effective for up to 24 hours. It is also thought that as well as stimulating insulin secretion, glimepiride in Amaryl tablets 2mg also acts on insulin-responsive cells in the liver, muscle and fat cells to increase the number of receptors, which means that insulin control of glucose production by the liver and insulin uptake into peripheral tissues for energy and storage, is more efficient. Maintaining glycaemic control with Amaryl tablets 2mg reduces risk of serious health complications associated with diabetes, including diabetic retinopathy (damage to the retina in the eye with loss of vision), diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage) and diabetic nephropathy (kidney damage).

What are the side effects of Amaryl?

The most commonly reported side effects when taking Amaryl tablets 2mg include: gastrointestinal complaints like nausea, diarrhoea, constipation and stomach or abdominal pain; allergic skin reactions like, redness (erythema), itching (pruritus), hives (urticaria); dizziness, drowsiness, headache, visual disturbances, confusion, malaise and tremor, which are usually transient and may be signs of hypoglycaemia. A more serious side effect of taking Amaryl tablets 2mg is severe hypoglycaemia (very low blood glucose), as glimepiride continues to work between meals to reduce blood sugar levels, so it is important to eat regularly; also certain other conditions like liver or kidney problems, or taking other medications like beta blockers, can make you more susceptible to hypoglycaemia. Other symptoms of hypoglycaemia include headache, hunger, restlessness, loss of consciousness, which can result in coma.

What is hypoglycaemia (hypo)

Having a hypo is an unpleasant episode experienced by diabetics and refers to extreme hypoglycaemia or very low blood glucose. Glimepiride in Amaryl tablets 2mg continue to work between meals to reduce blood sugar levels and therefore if glucose levels fall too low, by missing a meal or waiting too long between eating, severe hypoglycaemia, which is very low blood glucose, can be the result. Symptoms of hypoglycaemia include headache, hunger, nausea, vomiting, restlessness, sensory disturbances, delirium, loss of consciousness, which can result in shallow respiration, bradycardia (slow heart beat) and coma.

When should Amaryl not be used?

You should not use Amaryl tablets 2mg if you:

are allergic to glimepiride or any ingredients in Amaryl
are pregnant or are breastfeeding
have kidney or liver or thyroid disease
have type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes or suffer from diabetic coma or diabetic ketoacidosis
have G6PD deficiency as you may be at risk of haemolytic anaemia
are malnourished or have adrenal or pituitary insufficiency, as this may increase risk of hypoglycaemia
are taking medicines that interact with Amaryl, including: the antifungals miconazole and fluconazole, non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAID) like phenylbutazone, salicylate analgesicis like aspirin, beta-blockers like propranolol for high blood pressure and certain heart conditions, ACE Inhibitors like benezapril for high blood pressure, cimetidine for peptic ulcers, monoamine oxidase inhibitors for depression, probenecid for gout, the anticoagulant warfarin, the antibiotic chloramphenicol, sulphonamide antibiotics, corticosteroids for inflammation, bronchodilators like salbutamol, thiazides and other diuretics, thyroid hormones, oestrogens and progestogens for oral contraceptives and HRT, phenytoin for epilepsy, nicotinic acid for high cholesterol, calcium channel blocking drugs like verapamil for angina, isoniazid for tuberculosis

What medications interact with Amaryl?

Several medications interact with Amaryl tablets 2mg and should either not be taken while you are taking Amaryl or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor:

Drugs that affect Amaryl tablets 2mg and cause hypoglaemia (low blood sugar) by increasing its glucose-lowering effect: the antifungals miconazole and fluconazole, non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAID) like phenylbutazone, salicylate analgesics like aspirin, beta-blockers like propranolol for high blood pressure and certain heart conditions, ACE Inhibitors like benezapril for high blood pressure, cimetidine for peptic ulcers, monoamine oxidase inhibitors for depression, probenecid for gout, the anticoagulant warfarin, the antibiotic chloramphenicol, sulphonamide antibiotics, bronchodilators like salbutamol
Drugs that affect Amaryl tablets 2mg and cause hyperglycaemia (high blood sugar) by reducing its glucose-lowering effect: Danazol for hormone treatment, the antipsychotic chlorpromazine, corticosteroids for inflammation, bronchodilators like salbutamol, thiazides and other diuretics, thyroid hormones, oestrogens and progestogens for oral contraceptives and HRT, phenytoin for epilepsy, nicotinic acid for high cholesterol, calcium channel blocking drugs like verapamil for angina, isoniazid for tuberculosis

How should Amaryl be taken?

You should take your Amaryl tablets 2mg swallowed whole with a glass of water just before breakfast of if you only have a light breakfast, then take your Amaryl tablets just before your midday meal. It is important that you do not skip a meal while taking Amaryl tablets 2mg. The dose you take depends on how well you respond and your doctor may increase your dose until your blood glucose has reached normal levels and remains controlled. You should continue to take your Amaryl tablets 2mg for as long as recommended by your doctor, as they with help maintain your blood sugar levels but will not cure your diabetes.

How long should you take Amaryl?

You should continue to take your Amaryl tablets 2mg for as long as recommended by your doctor, as they with help maintain your blood sugar levels but will not cure your diabetes.

Missed dose of Amaryl

If you miss a dose of Amaryl tablets 2mg take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose.

How should Amaryl be stored?

You should store your Amaryl below 25°C in a cool dry place.

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