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Betaloc CR 190mg (Metoprolol) Betaloc CR general information What is Betaloc CR used for? Betaloc CR tablets 190mg are used to treat a variety of conditions of the cardiovascular system including, control of hypertension (high blood pressure) by lowering blood pressure to reduce the risk of complications such as stroke and heart attack; management of angina (chest pain) in patients with heart disease; long-term prevention of myocardial infarction (heart attack); treatment of heart failure to improve survival and quality of life; and control of most forms of arrhythmias and dysrhythmias (irregular heart beat or rhythm) and palpitations. Betaloc CR tablets are also used for preventing migraine, and as a supplementary treatment for hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid). Betaloc CR tablets work through a common mechanism in several different body systems to manage the condition and relieve symptoms by reducing heart rate (pulse), workload on the heart (force needed to pump) and oxygen demand by the heart, which increases blood flow and lowers blood pressure. How does Betaloc CR work? Betaloc CR tablets 190mg contain metoprolol, which is a beta-blocker or selective beta 1-receptor antagonist and acts by blocking the action of chemicals called catecholamines, such as adrenaline (epinephrine), which are released by the adrenal glands in response to nerve stimulation during physical and mental stress. Adrenaline works via beta-receptors in the heart to stimulate increased heart rate and constriction (narrowing) of blood vessels. These actions of adrenaline are reduced or inhibited by metoprolol in Betaloc CR tablets, to slow heart rate, dilate (widen) blood vessels, lower blood pressure, and increase blood flow and oxygen to the heart. Since beta-receptors are found in many tissues, particularly the heart, kidneys, vascular smooth muscle in blood vessel walls, lung, skeletal muscle and liver, all short-term and long-term symptom relief due to taking Betaloc CR, is based on blocking beta-receptors in the target tissue. Betaloc CR tablets are formulated for controlled release so that metoprolol is that released in a sustained and time controlled manner, to ensure a more even effect over 24 hours, which provides better symptom relief with fewer side effects. What does Betaloc CR contain? Betaloc CR tablets 190mg contain the active ingredient metoprolol succinate, a beta-blocker used to treat variety of conditions of the cardiovascular system and other conditions. They also contain ethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, paraffin, polyethylene glycol, silicon dioxide, sodium stearyl fumarate, titanium dioxide What Betaloc CR doses are available? Betaloc CR tablets are available to order and buy online from Inhouse Pharmacy in doses of 23.75mg, 47.5mg, 95mg and 190mg. Treating blood pressure (hypertension) with Betaloc CR Betaloc CR tablets 190mg contain metoprolol, which is a beta-blocker and acts by blocking the action of chemicals called catecholamines, such as adrenaline (epinephrine), which are released by the adrenal glands in response to nerve stimulation during physical and mental stress. Betaloc CR tablets 190mg are used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) by widening blood vessels, reducing heart rate (number of heart beats) and reducing the force of the heart contraction. These actions lower blood pressure and help the heart to cope better, reducing symptoms of breathlessness on exertion and reducing the risk of complications such as stroke and heart attack, due to high blood pressure. Treating heart disease with Betaloc CR Betaloc CR tablets 190mg contain metoprolol, which is a beta-blocker and acts by blocking the action of chemicals called catecholamines, such as adrenaline (epinephrine), which are released by the adrenal glands in response to nerve stimulation during physical and mental stress. Betaloc CR tablets 190mg are used to treat a variety of conditions of the cardiovascular system to improve survival, reduce symptoms and improve the quality of life in patients with heart disease, including, control of hypertension (high blood pressure), management of angina (chest pain); long-term prevention of myocardial infarction (heart attack) and treatment of heart failure. What are the side effects of Betaloc CR? The mot common side effects reported while taking Betaloc CR tablets 190mg include: tiredness, dizziness when you change position, cold hands and feet, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, stomach pain, constipation, palpitations, weight gain, sleep disturbances or nightmares, shortness of breath on exertion, mood changes or confusion, dry eyes. When should Betaloc CR not be used? You should not use Betaloc CR tablets 190mg if you: are allergic to metoprolol or any other ingredients in Betaloc CR tablets have a history of obstructive lung disorder, bronchial asthma or bronchospasm are diabetic and taking hypoglycaemic therapy, without discussion with your doctor as metoprolol may prolong the hypoglycaemic response to insulin are pregnant or breast feeding, without discussion with your doctor have, poor peripheral blood circulation, uncontrolled heart failure, low blood pressure (hypotension), have a phaeochromocytoma (a rare tumour of the adrenal gland) which is not already being treated with other medicines have certain other heart problems are taking medication that may interact with Betaloc CR tablets, including: other medicines for high blood pressure; angina or an irregular heart beat such as calcium channel blockers (diltiazem, verapamil, and nifedipine), antiarrhythmics (disopyramide) digoxin, clonidine, hydralazine; other beta-blockers, including eye drops; the antibiotic rifampicin; adrenaline for emergencies like anaphylaxis; monoamine oxidase inhibitors; antiinflammatories like ibuprofen or indomethacin; cimetidine for reflux and ulcers; chlorpromazine for psychiatric disorders. How should Betaloc CR be taken? You should take your Betaloc CR tablets 190mg with a glass of water, swallowed whole, with or without food, usually once daily either morning or evening, but at the same time each day. You should take Betaloc CR tablets according to your doctor’s recommendations and the number of capsules you take each day, how often you take them and for how long depends on the condition you are being treated for. The dose you are taking may be increased by your doctor. You must take your capsules every day, as instructed and if you are advised to stop taking them, withdrawal should be gradual and treatment should not be discontinued abruptly. How long should you take Betaloc CR? You should take your Betaloc CR tablets 190mg for as long as your doctor recommendations, which may be for a few days, weeks, months or longer depending on the condition you are being treated for. Missed dose of Betaloc CR If you miss a dose of Betaloc CR tablets 190mg take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose. How should Betaloc CR be stored? You should store your Betaloc CR tablets 190mg in a cool dry place below 25°C, protected from light and moisture.
Cipflox (Ciprofloxacin 250mg) Cipflox general information What is Cipflox used for? Cipflox tablets 250mg are an antibiotic medication used to treat uncomplicated and complicated bacterial infections in adults, caused by a wide range of susceptible bacteria in various parts of the body. Cipflox tablets 250mg are used to treat pneumonia (community acquired as outpatients), caused by various bacteria, but should not be the antibiotic of first choice for pneumonia caused by Pneumococcus. Cipflox tablets 250mg are also use to treat infections of the skin and soft tissue, such as impetigo and cellulitis; also of the bones and joints, which can be very painful; and infections of the abdominal cavity such as peritonitis. Cipflox tablets 250mg are also used to treat infections of the urogenital system, including adnexitis (infection and inflammation of the ovary and the fallopian tubes), prostatitis (infection and inflammation of the prostate), gonorrhoea, infections of the efferent urinary tract like cystitis and pyelonephritis (infection and inflammation of the kidney). Cipflox tablets 250mg are used to treat sepsis, which is a serious and life-threatening condition that occurs as a result of the body’s response to an infection. It is caused by chemicals released into the bloodstream to fight the infection, which can result in damage to tissues and organs. Cipflox tablets 250mg may also be used after inhalation of anthrax spores, as post exposure prophylaxis to reduce risk of pulmonary disease. Cipflox tablets 250mg are also used to treat acute pulmonary exacerbation of cystic fibrosis caused by the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa; also complicated urinary tract infections or pyelonephritis due to E.coli in children over the age of 5 years. How does Cipflox work? Cipflox tablets 250mg contain the antibiotic ciprofloxacin that belongs to the fluoroquinolones group of antibiotics and is a synthetic broad spectrum antibiotic with antibacterial activity against a wide range of bacteria including, Klebsiella, Haemophilus, Enterobacter, E. coli, Pseudomonas, Legionella, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Listeria and Chlamydia. Ciprofloxacin in Cipflox tablets 250mg works by inhibiting several bacterial enzymes (bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase) needed for the bacteria to replicate and repair its DNA. This action of ciprofloxacin in Cipflox tablets 250mg kills the bacteria by blocking its growth and preventing the spread of infection. Cipflox tablets 250mg do not work against viruses which use a different mechanism to grow and replicate. What does Cipflox contain? Cipflox tablets 250mg contain the active ingredient ciprofloxacin, a synthetic broad spectrum antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections. They also contain microcrystalline cellulose, maize starch, pregelatinised maize starch, crospovidone, colloidal anhydrous silica, magnesium stearate, titanium dioxide, polydextrose, hypromellose, glycerol triacetate, macrogol. Treating bacterial infection with Cipflox Cipflox tablets 250mg contain ciprofloxacin a synthetic broad spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic that used to treat uncomplicated and complicated bacterial infections in adults, caused by a wide range of susceptible bacteria in various parts of the body. Infections that Cipflox tablets 250mg are suitable for include, pneumonia; infections of the skin, soft tissue bones and joints; infections of the urogenital system; infections of the abdominal cavity; sepsis and to reduce risk of pulmonary disease following inhalation of anthrax spores. Cipflox tablets 250mg are also used to treat acute pulmonary exacerbation of cystic fibrosis and complicated urinary tract infections in children over the age of 5 years. Ciprofloxacin in Cipflox tablets 250mg works by inhibiting several bacterial enzymes needed for the bacteria to replicate and repair its DNA. This action of ciprofloxacin in Cipflox tablets 250mg kills the bacteria by blocking its growth and preventing the spread of infection. What are the side effects of Cipflox? The most commonly reported side effects when taking Cipflox tablets 250mg include diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, rash, headache, altered taste, arthralgia (joint pain). Very rarely taking Cipflox tablets 250mg is associated with an increased risk of tendonitis and tendon rupture with increased risk if you are over the age of 60 years, taking systemic steroids or have received a kidney, heart or lung transplant. When should Cipflox not be used? You should not use Cipflox tablets 250mg if you: are allergic to ciprofloxacin or any ingredients in Cipflox are pregnant or are breastfeeding have kidney or liver disease history of tendon disease/disorder related to quinolone treatment have epilepsy or a history of convulsion have a history of stroke, heart attack or heart failure, without discussion with your doctor have myasthenia gravis are taking medicines that interact with Cipflox, including the muscle relaxant tizanidine for cystic fibrosis, anti-arrhythmics like amiodarone, tricyclic antidepressants like amitriptylene, macrolides antibiotics like azithromycin, clarithromycin, antipsychotics like olanzapine,, mineral supplements, sucralfate, omeprazole or antacids for ulcers and reflux, probenecid for gout, theophylline for asthma, caffeine and methylxanthines (found in some medicines and in drinks such as coffee, tea, cola), phenytoin for seizures, some NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), the immunosuppressant cyclosporine, anticoagulants like warfarin, oral antidiabetic medications like glibenclamide, methotrexate for cancer treatment, the antiemetic metoclopramide, the antidepressant duloxetine, ropinirole for Parkinson’s disease, clozapine for schizophrenia, sildenafil for erectile dysfunction What medications interact with Cipflox? Several medications interact with Cipflox tablets 250mg and should either not be taken while you are taking Cipflox or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor: Drugs that cause a serious reaction or increase side effects with Cipflox: the muscle relaxant tizanidine for cystic fibrosis, anti-arrhythmics like amiodarone, tricyclic antidepressants like amitriptylene, macrolides antibiotics like azithromycin, clarithromycin, antipsychotics like olanzapine, theophylline for asthma, some NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), the immunosuppressant cyclosporine, Drugs that affect Cipflox: mineral supplements, sucralfate, omeprazole or antacids for ulcers and reflux, probenecid for gout, the antiemetic metoclopramide Drugs that are affected by Cipflox: the muscle relaxant tizanidine for cystic fibrosis, theophylline for asthma, caffeine and methylxanthines (found in some medicines and in drinks such as coffee, tea, cola), phenytoin for seizures, anticoagulants like warfarin, oral antidiabetic medications like glibenclamide, methotrexate for cancer treatment, the antidepressant duloxetine, ropinirole for Parkinson’s disease, clozapine for schizophrenia, sildenafil for erectile dysfunction How should Cipflox be taken? You should take your Cipflox tablets 250mg swallowed whole with a glass of water, with or without food. The dose you take and how often, depends on what you are being treated for and your doctor’s recommendations, which for most infections is usually one tablet twice daily for 7 to 14 days, but the dose or length of time you need to take your Cipflox tablets 250mg for may be increased depending on the severity of your infection and your response to treatment. You should not consume dairy products that are high in calcium (milk and yoghurt) or calcium-fortified orange juice, unless they are part of a meal as this may affect the absorption of ciprofloxacin. Avoid direct exposure to excessive sunlight or UV-light as this can cause photosensitisation (sunburn-like skin reactions). You should continue to take your Cipflox tablets 250mg for as long as recommended by your doctor. How long should you take Cipflox? You should continue to take your Cipflox tablets 250mg for as long as recommended by your doctor. Missed dose of Cipflox If you miss a dose of Cipflox tablets 250mg take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose. How should Cipflox be stored? You should store your Cipflox tablets 250mg below 25°C in a cool dry place.
Neo-Mercazole 5 (Carbimazole) Neo-Mercazole general information What is Neo-Mercazole used for? Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg are used to treat hyperthyroidism or over-active thyroid, which causes thyrotoxicosis due to over production of thyroid hormone. The most common form of hyperthyroidism is Grave’s Disease or goitre, which is thought to be an autoimmune disease where autoantibodies called thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins bind to the receptor for Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and cause loss of regulation of thyroid hormone production. Hyperthyroidism can also be caused by inflammation, a tumour or a virus infection. Symptoms of hyperthyroidism are due to increased production of thyroid hormone, which causes increased rate of metabolism. They include nervousness, restlessness, irritability difficulty concentrating, tiredness, rapid heartbeat, heat intolerance, increased perspiration, difficulty sleeping, hand tremors, weight loss, increased appetite, frequent bowel movements, and muscular weakness. Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg are used to help induce permanent remission from thyrotoxicosis; also to restore normal thyroid function before thyroid surgery to remove whole or part of the thyroid gland; also before and after treatment with radioactive iodine for overactive thyroid. Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg is not used for a simple non-toxic goitre in which the thyroid may not make enough thyroid hormone but otherwise functions normally. How does Neo-Mercazole work? Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg contain carbimazole, which is a pro-drug and is rapidly metabolised after absorption into its active form methimazole. This metabolite inhibits the action of thyroid peroxidase, an enzyme that is involved in the coupling and iodination of thyroglobulin, which is important for the synthesis of thyroid hormone. Hyperthyroidism is due to an overactive thyroid gland and overproduction of thyroid hormone, which exists in two forms, thyroxine or levothyroxine, also known as T₄ and liothyronine or L-triiodothyronine also known as T₃. The production of thyroid hormone is normally regulated by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), a hormone produced by the pituitary gland in the hypothalamus, at the base of the brain, and it is this regulation that is deficient in Grave’s disease. Carbimazole in Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg blocks the synthesis of thyroid hormone and thereby helps restore normal levels. What does Neo-Mercazole contain? Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg contain the active ingredient carbimazole, an anti-thyroid drug used to treat hyperthyroidism. They also contain: lactose, maize starch, sucrose, magnesium stearate, talc, gum acacia, ferric oxide, gelatin. Treating hyperthyroidism with Neo-Mercazole Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg contain carbimazole and are used to treat hyperthyroidism. Overproduction of thyroid hormone causes hyperthyroidism, also known as over-active thyroid and results in increased rate of metabolism. Hyperthyroidism exists in different forms, the most common of which is Grave’s Disease or goitre that is thought to be an autoimmune disease where autoantibodies called thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins bind to the receptor for Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH). Hyperthyroidism can also be caused by inflammation, a tumour or a virus infection. Thyroid hormone exists in two forms, thyroxine or levothyroxine, also known as T₄ and liothyronine or L-triiodothyronine also known as T₃. The production of thyroid hormone is normally regulated by TSH, a hormone produced by the pituitary gland in the hypothalamus, at the base of the brain, and it is this regulation that is deficient in hyperthyroidism. Carbimazole in Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg inhibits the action of thyroid peroxidase, which is important in the synthesis of thyroid hormone. This action helps restore normal levels of thyroid hormone and relieves symptoms of hyperthyroidism, which include nervousness, restlessness, irritability difficulty concentrating, tiredness, rapid heartbeat, heat intolerance, increased perspiration and difficulty sleeping, hand tremors, weight loss, increased appetite, frequent bowel movements, and muscular weakness. Neo-Mercazole for Grave’s Disease Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg contain carbimazole, an anti-thyroid drug that is used to treat Grave’s Disease, which is the most common form of hyperthyroidism. Grave’s Disease is thought to be an autoimmune disease where autoantibodies called thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins bind to the receptor for Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH). The production of thyroid hormone is normally regulated by TSH, a hormone produced by the pituitary gland in the hypothalamus, at the base of the brain, and it is this regulation that is deficient in hyperthyroidism resulting in over-active thyroid, overproduction of thyroid hormone and increased rate of metabolism. Grave’s Disease is characterised by goitre or swelling of the thyroid gland and thyrotoxicosis (high levels of thyroid hormones), resulting in symptoms including nervousness, restlessness, irritability difficulty concentrating, tiredness, rapid heartbeat, heat intolerance, increased perspiration and difficulty sleeping, hand tremors, weight loss, increased appetite, frequent bowel movements, and muscular weakness. Carbimazole in Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg inhibits the action of thyroid peroxidase, an important enzyme in the synthesis of thyroid hormone. This action blocks the production of thyroid hormone and helps restore normal levels of thyroid hormone to relieve symptoms of Grave’s Disease. What are the side effects of Neo-Mercazole? The most commonly reported side effects when taking Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg include gastrointestinal upset, nausea, headache, dizziness, paraesthesia (sensation of tingling, numbness), arthralgia (painful joints), skin rash, itching (pruritus), loss of taste. Agranulocytosis (reduced white cell count) is a possible serious side effect that should be monitored for symptoms like sore throat, bruising, bleeding, mouth ulcers, fever and malaise When should Neo-Mercazole not be used? You should not use Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg if you: are allergic to carbimazole or any ingredients in Neo-Mercazole are pregnant or are breastfeeding, without discussion with your doctor have liver disease have a serious haematological condition have a simple non-toxic goitre (swelling on the neck caused by enlargement of the thyroid gland) are taking medicines that interact with Neo-Mercazole, including: vitamin K-dependant anticoagulants, agranulocytosis inducing drugs, theophylline for asthma What medications interact with Neo-Mercazole? Several medications interact with Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg and should either not be taken while you are taking Neo-Mercazole or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor: Drugs that cause a serious reaction with Neo-Mercazole: agranulocytosis inducing drugs Drugs that affect Neo-Mercazole: vitamin K-dependant anticoagulants, theophylline for asthma How should Neo-Mercazole be taken? You should take your Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg swallowed whole with a glass of water with or without food. The dose you take and how often will depend on the severity of your condition and your doctor’s recommendation and may be once, twice or three times a day. Your dose may be reduced depending on how well you respond. You should see an improvement within three months but you should continue to take your Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg for several months or years depending on your condition and your doctor’s recommendation. How long should you take Neo-Mercazole? You should continue to take your Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg for several months or years depending on your condition and your doctor’s recommendation. Missed dose of Neo-Mercazole If you miss a dose of Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose. How should Neo-Mercazole be stored? You should store your Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg below 25°C in a cool dry place.
Armour Thyroid 1 Grain (60mg) Armour Thyroid general information What is Armour Thyroid used for? Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets are used to treat hypothyroidism or underactive thyroid, a condition in which the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone needed to regulate your body’s growth and metabolism. Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets are a natural replacement hormone, derived from pig thyroid gland, containing both forms of thyroid hormone (T3 and T4), which help to relieve the symptoms of hypothyroidism, including, tiredness, muscle weakness, cramps, feeling the cold, a slow heart rate, dry and flaky skin, hair loss, a deep husky voice and weight gain. Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets can also be used to help treat hypothyroidism caused by surgical removal of, or damage to the thyroid gland, as well as treating thyroid goitre (enlarged thyroid glands) and thyroid cancer. Another used for Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets is for a suppression test, to test for thyroid activity. How does Armour Thyroid work? Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets consist of an extract produced from pig thyroid glands which contains both forms of thyroid hormone; thyroxine (levothyroxine or T4) and liothyronine (L-triiodothyronine or T3). Thyroxine (T4) is converted to the more active form of thyroid hormone (T3) in the liver, kidney and other tissues of the body and T3 interacts with a specific receptor inside cells to stimulate proteins needed to manage and control a variety of processes, including how the body regulates temperature, metabolises nutrients and controls growth and development. Thyroid hormones regulate the production by the pituitary gland of another hormone called thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), which in turn controls how much thyroid hormone is produced. Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets regulate TSH production in the same way and this is how it works when used for treating thyroid goitre or thyroid cancer by suppressing TSH production. What does Armour Thyroid contain? Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets contain a dessicated (dried) extract of pig thyroid glands, which contains both forms of thyroid hormone; thyroxine (levothyroxine or T4) and liothyronine (L-triiodothyronine or T3) in the ratio 4.22:1 of T4 to T3, as T3 is approximately four times as potent as T4 on a microgram for microgram basis. Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets also contain dextrose, anhydrous microcrystalline cellulose, sodium starch glycolate, calcium stearate, opadry wehite (titanium dioxide used as a whitening agent) What doses of Armour Thyroid are available? Armour Thyroid tablets are available in the following strengths: 15mg thyroid extract (¼ grain) contains 9.5mcg levothyroxine (T4) and 2.25mcg liothyronine (T3) 30mg thyroid extract (½ grain) contains 19mcg levothyroxine (T4) and 3.5mcg liothyronine (T3) 60mg thyroid extract (1 grain) contains 38mcg levothyroxine (T4) and 9mcg liothyronine (T3) 90mg thyroid extract (1½ grain) contains 57mcg levothyroxine (T4) and 13.5mcg liothyronine (T3) 120mg thyroid extract (2 grain) contains 76mcg levothyroxine (T4) and 18mcg liothyronine (T3) 180mg thyroid extract (3 grain) contains 114mcg levothyroxine (T4) and 27mcg liothyronine (T3) Treating underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) with Armour Thyroid Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets consist of an extract produced from pig thyroid glands which contains both forms of thyroid hormone; thyroxine (levothyroxine or T4) and liothyronine (L-triiodothyronine or T3) and substitutes for the lack of thyroid hormone in hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid gland) needed to regulate normal growth and metabolism. Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets are used to treat the symptoms of hypothyroidism, including, tiredness, muscle weakness, cramps, feeling the cold, a slow heart rate, dry and flaky skin, hair loss, a deep husky voice and weight gain. What is the difference between natural and synthetic thyroid hormones? Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets contain an extract produced from pig thyroid glands which contains both forms of thyroid hormone; thyroxine (levothyroxine or T4) and liothyronine (L-triiodothyronine or T3). These hormones are therefore natural hormones compared to synthesised hormones found in some other preparations of thyroid medication. Both natural and synthetic hormones work in the same way to treat thyroid disease. What are the side effects of Armour Thyroid? Most of the side effects experienced with taking Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets indicate that your dose is too high and may need adjusting. These include: headache, sleep problems (insomnia), feeling nervous or irritable sweating, flushing, appetite changes, weight loss, muscle weakness/cramps, tremors. When should Armour Thyroid not be used? You should not use Armour Thyroid if you: are allergic to thyroid hormones or any of the ingredients in Armour Thyroid tablets are looking for a treatment for obesity or to help you lose weight; this is not a weight loss product have thyrotoxicosis (untreated high thyroid hormone levels) or adrenal gland problems are pregnant, planning to become pregnant or breast-feeding have a history of chest pain, heart attack, heart blood vessel problems, or other heart problems are a diabetic taking antidiabetics or insulin, without discussion with your doctor, as Armour Thyroid may affect your glucose tolerance are taking other medications that may interact with Armour Thyroid, such as anticonvulsants like phenytoin and carbamazepin, cardiac glycosides like digoxin, cholesterol-lowing drugs containing cholestyramine, antidepressants, anticoagulants What medications interact with Armour Thyroid? Several medications interact with Armour Thyroid and should either not be taken while you are taking Armour Thyroid or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor: Drugs that decrease effectiveness of Armour Thyroid: antacids that contains aluminum or calcium or sucralfate (should be taken at least 4 hours apart from thyroid hormones); cholesterol-lowing drugs containing cholestyramine colestipol (should be taken at least 4 hours apart from thyroid hormones); iron supplement and vitamins with iron (should be taken at least 4 hours apart from thyroid hormones); oestrogen replacement product or birth control pills Drugs that are affected by Armour Thyroid: anticoagulants, like warfarin because the risk of bleeding may be increased; insulin or an oral diabetes medication such as acarbose glipizide glyburide metformin How should Armour Thyroid be taken? Armour Thyroid should be taken with water on an empty stomach, preferably 30 minutes before a meal. The dose of Armour Thyroid that you take should be as recommended by your doctor. The usual starting dose is 30 mg Armour Thyroid, with increments of 15 mg every 2 to 3 weeks, depending on the levels of T3 and T4 measured in the blood during treatment, so blood monitoring is important while you are taking Armour Thyroid. It usually takes several weeks to see normal levels of blood thyroid hormone levels after starting treatment and you may need to take Armour Thyroid for the rest of your life. How long should you take Armour Thyroid Since Armour Thyroid tablets are used to replace a thyroid hormone deficiency this is a long-term treatment and may be for the rest of your life. Missed dose of Armour Thyroid If you miss a dose of Armour Thyroid take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose. How should Armour Thyroid be stored? Keep your Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets in the bottle until it is time to take one. Store in a cool dry place away from light where the temperature stays below 25°C.
Cipflox (Ciprofloxacin 750mg) Cipflox general information What is Cipflox used for? Cipflox tablets 750mg are an antibiotic medication used to treat uncomplicated and complicated bacterial infections in adults, caused by a wide range of susceptible bacteria in various parts of the body. Cipflox tablets 750mg are used to treat pneumonia (community acquired as outpatients), caused by various bacteria, but should not be the antibiotic of first choice for pneumonia caused by Pneumococcus. Cipflox tablets 750mg are also use to treat infections of the skin and soft tissue, such as impetigo and cellulitis; also of the bones and joints, which can be very painful; and infections of the abdominal cavity such as peritonitis. Cipflox tablets 750mg are also used to treat infections of the urogenital system, including adnexitis (infection and inflammation of the ovary and the fallopian tubes), prostatitis (infection and inflammation of the prostate), gonorrhoea, infections of the efferent urinary tract like cystitis and pyelonephritis (infection and inflammation of the kidney). Cipflox tablets 750mg are used to treat sepsis, which is a serious and life-threatening condition that occurs as a result of the body’s response to an infection. It is caused by chemicals released into the bloodstream to fight the infection, which can result in damage to tissues and organs. Cipflox tablets 750mg may also be used after inhalation of anthrax spores, as post exposure prophylaxis to reduce risk of pulmonary disease. Cipflox tablets 750mg are also used to treat acute pulmonary exacerbation of cystic fibrosis caused by the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa; also complicated urinary tract infections or pyelonephritis due to E.coli in children over the age of 5 years. How does Cipflox work? Cipflox tablets 750mg contain the antibiotic ciprofloxacin that belongs to the fluoroquinolones group of antibiotics and is a synthetic broad spectrum antibiotic with antibacterial activity against a wide range of bacteria including, Klebsiella, Haemophilus, Enterobacter, E. coli, Pseudomonas, Legionella, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Listeria and Chlamydia. Ciprofloxacin in Cipflox tablets 750mg works by inhibiting several bacterial enzymes (bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase) needed for the bacteria to replicate and repair its DNA. This action of ciprofloxacin in Cipflox tablets 750mg kills the bacteria by blocking its growth and preventing the spread of infection. Cipflox tablets 750mg do not work against viruses which use a different mechanism to grow and replicate. What does Cipflox contain? Cipflox tablets 750mg contain the active ingredient ciprofloxacin, a synthetic broad spectrum antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections. They also contain microcrystalline cellulose, maize starch, pregelatinised maize starch, crospovidone, colloidal anhydrous silica, magnesium stearate, titanium dioxide, polydextrose, hypromellose, glycerol triacetate, macrogol. Treating bacterial infection with Cipflox Cipflox tablets 750mg contain ciprofloxacin a synthetic broad spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic that used to treat uncomplicated and complicated bacterial infections in adults, caused by a wide range of susceptible bacteria in various parts of the body. Infections that Cipflox tablets 750mg are suitable for include, pneumonia; infections of the skin, soft tissue bones and joints; infections of the urogenital system; infections of the abdominal cavity; sepsis and to reduce risk of pulmonary disease following inhalation of anthrax spores. Cipflox tablets 750mg are also used to treat acute pulmonary exacerbation of cystic fibrosis and complicated urinary tract infections in children over the age of 5 years. Ciprofloxacin in Cipflox tablets 750mg works by inhibiting several bacterial enzymes needed for the bacteria to replicate and repair its DNA. This action of ciprofloxacin in Cipflox tablets 750mg kills the bacteria by blocking its growth and preventing the spread of infection. What are the side effects of Cipflox? The most commonly reported side effects when taking Cipflox tablets 750mg include diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, rash, headache, altered taste, arthralgia (joint pain). Very rarely taking Cipflox tablets 750mg is associated with an increased risk of tendonitis and tendon rupture with increased risk if you are over the age of 60 years, taking systemic steroids or have received a kidney, heart or lung transplant. When should Cipflox not be used? You should not use Cipflox tablets 750mg if you: are allergic to ciprofloxacin or any ingredients in Cipflox are pregnant or are breastfeeding have kidney or liver disease history of tendon disease/disorder related to quinolone treatment have epilepsy or a history of convulsion have a history of stroke, heart attack or heart failure, without discussion with your doctor have myasthenia gravis are taking medicines that interact with Cipflox, including the muscle relaxant tizanidine for cystic fibrosis, anti-arrhythmics like amiodarone, tricyclic antidepressants like amitriptylene, macrolides antibiotics like azithromycin, clarithromycin, antipsychotics like olanzapine,, mineral supplements, sucralfate, omeprazole or antacids for ulcers and reflux, probenecid for gout, theophylline for asthma, caffeine and methylxanthines (found in some medicines and in drinks such as coffee, tea, cola), phenytoin for seizures, some NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), the immunosuppressant cyclosporine, anticoagulants like warfarin, oral antidiabetic medications like glibenclamide, methotrexate for cancer treatment, the antiemetic metoclopramide, the antidepressant duloxetine, ropinirole for Parkinson’s disease, clozapine for schizophrenia, sildenafil for erectile dysfunction What medications interact with Cipflox? Several medications interact with Cipflox tablets 750mg and should either not be taken while you are taking Cipflox or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor: Drugs that cause a serious reaction or increase side effects with Cipflox: the muscle relaxant tizanidine for cystic fibrosis, anti-arrhythmics like amiodarone, tricyclic antidepressants like amitriptylene, macrolides antibiotics like azithromycin, clarithromycin, antipsychotics like olanzapine, theophylline for asthma, some NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), the immunosuppressant cyclosporine, Drugs that affect Cipflox: mineral supplements, sucralfate, omeprazole or antacids for ulcers and reflux, probenecid for gout, the antiemetic metoclopramide Drugs that are affected by Cipflox: the muscle relaxant tizanidine for cystic fibrosis, theophylline for asthma, caffeine and methylxanthines (found in some medicines and in drinks such as coffee, tea, cola), phenytoin for seizures, anticoagulants like warfarin, oral antidiabetic medications like glibenclamide, methotrexate for cancer treatment, the antidepressant duloxetine, ropinirole for Parkinson’s disease, clozapine for schizophrenia, sildenafil for erectile dysfunction How should Cipflox be taken? You should take your Cipflox tablets 750mg swallowed whole with a glass of water, with or without food. The dose you take and how often, depends on what you are being treated for and your doctor’s recommendations, which for most infections is usually one tablet twice daily for 7 to 14 days, but the dose or length of time you need to take your Cipflox tablets 750mg for may be increased depending on the severity of your infection and your response to treatment. You should not consume dairy products that are high in calcium (milk and yoghurt) or calcium-fortified orange juice, unless they are part of a meal as this may affect the absorption of ciprofloxacin. Avoid direct exposure to excessive sunlight or UV-light as this can cause photosensitisation (sunburn-like skin reactions). You should continue to take your Cipflox tablets 750mg for as long as recommended by your doctor. How long should you take Cipflox? You should continue to take your Cipflox tablets 750mg for as long as recommended by your doctor. Missed dose of Cipflox If you miss a dose of Cipflox tablets 750mg take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose. How should Cipflox be stored? You should store your Cipflox tablets 750mg below 25°C in a cool dry place.

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Betaloc CR general information

What is Betaloc CR used for?

Betaloc CR tablets 190mg are used to treat a variety of conditions of the cardiovascular system including, control of hypertension (high blood pressure) by lowering blood pressure to reduce the risk of complications such as stroke and heart attack; management of angina (chest pain) in patients with heart disease; long-term prevention of myocardial infarction (heart attack); treatment of heart failure to improve survival and quality of life; and control of most forms of arrhythmias and dysrhythmias (irregular heart beat or rhythm) and palpitations. Betaloc CR tablets are also used for preventing migraine, and as a supplementary treatment for hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid). Betaloc CR tablets work through a common mechanism in several different body systems to manage the condition and relieve symptoms by reducing heart rate (pulse), workload on the heart (force needed to pump) and oxygen demand by the heart, which increases blood flow and lowers blood pressure.

How does Betaloc CR work?

Betaloc CR tablets 190mg contain metoprolol, which is a beta-blocker or selective beta 1-receptor antagonist and acts by blocking the action of chemicals called catecholamines, such as adrenaline (epinephrine), which are released by the adrenal glands in response to nerve stimulation during physical and mental stress. Adrenaline works via beta-receptors in the heart to stimulate increased heart rate and constriction (narrowing) of blood vessels. These actions of adrenaline are reduced or inhibited by metoprolol in Betaloc CR tablets, to slow heart rate, dilate (widen) blood vessels, lower blood pressure, and increase blood flow and oxygen to the heart. Since beta-receptors are found in many tissues, particularly the heart, kidneys, vascular smooth muscle in blood vessel walls, lung, skeletal muscle and liver, all short-term and long-term symptom relief due to taking Betaloc CR, is based on blocking beta-receptors in the target tissue. Betaloc CR tablets are formulated for controlled release so that metoprolol is that released in a sustained and time controlled manner, to ensure a more even effect over 24 hours, which provides better symptom relief with fewer side effects.

What does Betaloc CR contain?

Betaloc CR tablets 190mg contain the active ingredient metoprolol succinate, a beta-blocker used to treat variety of conditions of the cardiovascular system and other conditions. They also contain ethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, paraffin, polyethylene glycol, silicon dioxide, sodium stearyl fumarate, titanium dioxide

What Betaloc CR doses are available?

Betaloc CR tablets are available to order and buy online from Inhouse Pharmacy in doses of 23.75mg, 47.5mg, 95mg and 190mg.

Treating blood pressure (hypertension) with Betaloc CR

Betaloc CR tablets 190mg contain metoprolol, which is a beta-blocker and acts by blocking the action of chemicals called catecholamines, such as adrenaline (epinephrine), which are released by the adrenal glands in response to nerve stimulation during physical and mental stress. Betaloc CR tablets 190mg are used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) by widening blood vessels, reducing heart rate (number of heart beats) and reducing the force of the heart contraction. These actions lower blood pressure and help the heart to cope better, reducing symptoms of breathlessness on exertion and reducing the risk of complications such as stroke and heart attack, due to high blood pressure.

Treating heart disease with Betaloc CR

Betaloc CR tablets 190mg contain metoprolol, which is a beta-blocker and acts by blocking the action of chemicals called catecholamines, such as adrenaline (epinephrine), which are released by the adrenal glands in response to nerve stimulation during physical and mental stress. Betaloc CR tablets 190mg are used to treat a variety of conditions of the cardiovascular system to improve survival, reduce symptoms and improve the quality of life in patients with heart disease, including, control of hypertension (high blood pressure), management of angina (chest pain); long-term prevention of myocardial infarction (heart attack) and treatment of heart failure.

What are the side effects of Betaloc CR?

The mot common side effects reported while taking Betaloc CR tablets 190mg include: tiredness, dizziness when you change position, cold hands and feet, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, stomach pain, constipation, palpitations, weight gain, sleep disturbances or nightmares, shortness of breath on exertion, mood changes or confusion, dry eyes.

When should Betaloc CR not be used?

You should not use Betaloc CR tablets 190mg if you:

are allergic to metoprolol or any other ingredients in Betaloc CR tablets
have a history of obstructive lung disorder, bronchial asthma or bronchospasm
are diabetic and taking hypoglycaemic therapy, without discussion with your doctor as metoprolol may prolong the hypoglycaemic response to insulin
are pregnant or breast feeding, without discussion with your doctor
have, poor peripheral blood circulation, uncontrolled heart failure, low blood pressure (hypotension),
have a phaeochromocytoma (a rare tumour of the adrenal gland) which is not already being treated with other medicines
have certain other heart problems
are taking medication that may interact with Betaloc CR tablets, including: other medicines for high blood pressure; angina or an irregular heart beat such as calcium channel blockers (diltiazem, verapamil, and nifedipine), antiarrhythmics (disopyramide) digoxin, clonidine, hydralazine; other beta-blockers, including eye drops; the antibiotic rifampicin; adrenaline for emergencies like anaphylaxis; monoamine oxidase inhibitors; antiinflammatories like ibuprofen or indomethacin; cimetidine for reflux and ulcers; chlorpromazine for psychiatric disorders.

How should Betaloc CR be taken?

You should take your Betaloc CR tablets 190mg with a glass of water, swallowed whole, with or without food, usually once daily either morning or evening, but at the same time each day. You should take Betaloc CR tablets according to your doctor’s recommendations and the number of capsules you take each day, how often you take them and for how long depends on the condition you are being treated for. The dose you are taking may be increased by your doctor. You must take your capsules every day, as instructed and if you are advised to stop taking them, withdrawal should be gradual and treatment should not be discontinued abruptly.

How long should you take Betaloc CR?

You should take your Betaloc CR tablets 190mg for as long as your doctor recommendations, which may be for a few days, weeks, months or longer depending on the condition you are being treated for.

Missed dose of Betaloc CR

If you miss a dose of Betaloc CR tablets 190mg take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose.

How should Betaloc CR be stored?

You should store your Betaloc CR tablets 190mg in a cool dry place below 25°C, protected from light and moisture.

Cipflox (Ciprofloxacin 250mg)

Cipflox general information

What is Cipflox used for?

Cipflox tablets 250mg are an antibiotic medication used to treat uncomplicated and complicated bacterial infections in adults, caused by a wide range of susceptible bacteria in various parts of the body. Cipflox tablets 250mg are used to treat pneumonia (community acquired as outpatients), caused by various bacteria, but should not be the antibiotic of first choice for pneumonia caused by Pneumococcus. Cipflox tablets 250mg are also use to treat infections of the skin and soft tissue, such as impetigo and cellulitis; also of the bones and joints, which can be very painful; and infections of the abdominal cavity such as peritonitis. Cipflox tablets 250mg are also used to treat infections of the urogenital system, including adnexitis (infection and inflammation of the ovary and the fallopian tubes), prostatitis (infection and inflammation of the prostate), gonorrhoea, infections of the efferent urinary tract like cystitis and pyelonephritis (infection and inflammation of the kidney). Cipflox tablets 250mg are used to treat sepsis, which is a serious and life-threatening condition that occurs as a result of the body’s response to an infection. It is caused by chemicals released into the bloodstream to fight the infection, which can result in damage to tissues and organs. Cipflox tablets 250mg may also be used after inhalation of anthrax spores, as post exposure prophylaxis to reduce risk of pulmonary disease. Cipflox tablets 250mg are also used to treat acute pulmonary exacerbation of cystic fibrosis caused by the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa; also complicated urinary tract infections or pyelonephritis due to E.coli in children over the age of 5 years.

How does Cipflox work?

Cipflox tablets 250mg contain the antibiotic ciprofloxacin that belongs to the fluoroquinolones group of antibiotics and is a synthetic broad spectrum antibiotic with antibacterial activity against a wide range of bacteria including, Klebsiella, Haemophilus, Enterobacter, E. coli, Pseudomonas, Legionella, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Listeria and Chlamydia. Ciprofloxacin in Cipflox tablets 250mg works by inhibiting several bacterial enzymes (bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase) needed for the bacteria to replicate and repair its DNA. This action of ciprofloxacin in Cipflox tablets 250mg kills the bacteria by blocking its growth and preventing the spread of infection. Cipflox tablets 250mg do not work against viruses which use a different mechanism to grow and replicate.

What does Cipflox contain?

Cipflox tablets 250mg contain the active ingredient ciprofloxacin, a synthetic broad spectrum antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections. They also contain microcrystalline cellulose, maize starch, pregelatinised maize starch, crospovidone, colloidal anhydrous silica, magnesium stearate, titanium dioxide, polydextrose, hypromellose, glycerol triacetate, macrogol.

Treating bacterial infection with Cipflox

Cipflox tablets 250mg contain ciprofloxacin a synthetic broad spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic that used to treat uncomplicated and complicated bacterial infections in adults, caused by a wide range of susceptible bacteria in various parts of the body. Infections that Cipflox tablets 250mg are suitable for include, pneumonia; infections of the skin, soft tissue bones and joints; infections of the urogenital system; infections of the abdominal cavity; sepsis and to reduce risk of pulmonary disease following inhalation of anthrax spores. Cipflox tablets 250mg are also used to treat acute pulmonary exacerbation of cystic fibrosis and complicated urinary tract infections in children over the age of 5 years. Ciprofloxacin in Cipflox tablets 250mg works by inhibiting several bacterial enzymes needed for the bacteria to replicate and repair its DNA. This action of ciprofloxacin in Cipflox tablets 250mg kills the bacteria by blocking its growth and preventing the spread of infection.

What are the side effects of Cipflox?

The most commonly reported side effects when taking Cipflox tablets 250mg include diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, rash, headache, altered taste, arthralgia (joint pain). Very rarely taking Cipflox tablets 250mg is associated with an increased risk of tendonitis and tendon rupture with increased risk if you are over the age of 60 years, taking systemic steroids or have received a kidney, heart or lung transplant.

When should Cipflox not be used?

You should not use Cipflox tablets 250mg if you:

are allergic to ciprofloxacin or any ingredients in Cipflox
are pregnant or are breastfeeding
have kidney or liver disease
history of tendon disease/disorder related to quinolone treatment
have epilepsy or a history of convulsion
have a history of stroke, heart attack or heart failure, without discussion with your doctor
have myasthenia gravis
are taking medicines that interact with Cipflox, including the muscle relaxant tizanidine for cystic fibrosis, anti-arrhythmics like amiodarone, tricyclic antidepressants like amitriptylene, macrolides antibiotics like azithromycin, clarithromycin, antipsychotics like olanzapine,, mineral supplements, sucralfate, omeprazole or antacids for ulcers and reflux, probenecid for gout, theophylline for asthma, caffeine and methylxanthines (found in some medicines and in drinks such as coffee, tea, cola), phenytoin for seizures, some NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), the immunosuppressant cyclosporine, anticoagulants like warfarin, oral antidiabetic medications like glibenclamide, methotrexate for cancer treatment, the antiemetic metoclopramide, the antidepressant duloxetine, ropinirole for Parkinson’s disease, clozapine for schizophrenia, sildenafil for erectile dysfunction

What medications interact with Cipflox?

Several medications interact with Cipflox tablets 250mg and should either not be taken while you are taking Cipflox or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor:

Drugs that cause a serious reaction or increase side effects with Cipflox: the muscle relaxant tizanidine for cystic fibrosis, anti-arrhythmics like amiodarone, tricyclic antidepressants like amitriptylene, macrolides antibiotics like azithromycin, clarithromycin, antipsychotics like olanzapine, theophylline for asthma, some NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), the immunosuppressant cyclosporine,
Drugs that affect Cipflox: mineral supplements, sucralfate, omeprazole or antacids for ulcers and reflux, probenecid for gout, the antiemetic metoclopramide
Drugs that are affected by Cipflox: the muscle relaxant tizanidine for cystic fibrosis, theophylline for asthma, caffeine and methylxanthines (found in some medicines and in drinks such as coffee, tea, cola), phenytoin for seizures, anticoagulants like warfarin, oral antidiabetic medications like glibenclamide, methotrexate for cancer treatment, the antidepressant duloxetine, ropinirole for Parkinson’s disease, clozapine for schizophrenia, sildenafil for erectile dysfunction

How should Cipflox be taken?

You should take your Cipflox tablets 250mg swallowed whole with a glass of water, with or without food. The dose you take and how often, depends on what you are being treated for and your doctor’s recommendations, which for most infections is usually one tablet twice daily for 7 to 14 days, but the dose or length of time you need to take your Cipflox tablets 250mg for may be increased depending on the severity of your infection and your response to treatment. You should not consume dairy products that are high in calcium (milk and yoghurt) or calcium-fortified orange juice, unless they are part of a meal as this may affect the absorption of ciprofloxacin. Avoid direct exposure to excessive sunlight or UV-light as this can cause photosensitisation (sunburn-like skin reactions). You should continue to take your Cipflox tablets 250mg for as long as recommended by your doctor.

How long should you take Cipflox?

You should continue to take your Cipflox tablets 250mg for as long as recommended by your doctor.

Missed dose of Cipflox

If you miss a dose of Cipflox tablets 250mg take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose.

How should Cipflox be stored?

You should store your Cipflox tablets 250mg below 25°C in a cool dry place.

Neo-Mercazole 5 (Carbimazole)

Neo-Mercazole general information

What is Neo-Mercazole used for?

Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg are used to treat hyperthyroidism or over-active thyroid, which causes thyrotoxicosis due to over production of thyroid hormone. The most common form of hyperthyroidism is Grave’s Disease or goitre, which is thought to be an autoimmune disease where autoantibodies called thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins bind to the receptor for Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and cause loss of regulation of thyroid hormone production. Hyperthyroidism can also be caused by inflammation, a tumour or a virus infection. Symptoms of hyperthyroidism are due to increased production of thyroid hormone, which causes increased rate of metabolism. They include nervousness, restlessness, irritability difficulty concentrating, tiredness, rapid heartbeat, heat intolerance, increased perspiration, difficulty sleeping, hand tremors, weight loss, increased appetite, frequent bowel movements, and muscular weakness. Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg are used to help induce permanent remission from thyrotoxicosis; also to restore normal thyroid function before thyroid surgery to remove whole or part of the thyroid gland; also before and after treatment with radioactive iodine for overactive thyroid. Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg is not used for a simple non-toxic goitre in which the thyroid may not make enough thyroid hormone but otherwise functions normally.

How does Neo-Mercazole work?

Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg contain carbimazole, which is a pro-drug and is rapidly metabolised after absorption into its active form methimazole. This metabolite inhibits the action of thyroid peroxidase, an enzyme that is involved in the coupling and iodination of thyroglobulin, which is important for the synthesis of thyroid hormone. Hyperthyroidism is due to an overactive thyroid gland and overproduction of thyroid hormone, which exists in two forms, thyroxine or levothyroxine, also known as T₄ and liothyronine or L-triiodothyronine also known as T₃. The production of thyroid hormone is normally regulated by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), a hormone produced by the pituitary gland in the hypothalamus, at the base of the brain, and it is this regulation that is deficient in Grave’s disease. Carbimazole in Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg blocks the synthesis of thyroid hormone and thereby helps restore normal levels.

What does Neo-Mercazole contain?

Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg contain the active ingredient carbimazole, an anti-thyroid drug used to treat hyperthyroidism. They also contain: lactose, maize starch, sucrose, magnesium stearate, talc, gum acacia, ferric oxide, gelatin.

Treating hyperthyroidism with Neo-Mercazole

Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg contain carbimazole and are used to treat hyperthyroidism. Overproduction of thyroid hormone causes hyperthyroidism, also known as over-active thyroid and results in increased rate of metabolism. Hyperthyroidism exists in different forms, the most common of which is Grave’s Disease or goitre that is thought to be an autoimmune disease where autoantibodies called thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins bind to the receptor for Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH). Hyperthyroidism can also be caused by inflammation, a tumour or a virus infection. Thyroid hormone exists in two forms, thyroxine or levothyroxine, also known as T₄ and liothyronine or L-triiodothyronine also known as T₃. The production of thyroid hormone is normally regulated by TSH, a hormone produced by the pituitary gland in the hypothalamus, at the base of the brain, and it is this regulation that is deficient in hyperthyroidism. Carbimazole in Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg inhibits the action of thyroid peroxidase, which is important in the synthesis of thyroid hormone. This action helps restore normal levels of thyroid hormone and relieves symptoms of hyperthyroidism, which include nervousness, restlessness, irritability difficulty concentrating, tiredness, rapid heartbeat, heat intolerance, increased perspiration and difficulty sleeping, hand tremors, weight loss, increased appetite, frequent bowel movements, and muscular weakness.

Neo-Mercazole for Grave’s Disease

Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg contain carbimazole, an anti-thyroid drug that is used to treat Grave’s Disease, which is the most common form of hyperthyroidism. Grave’s Disease is thought to be an autoimmune disease where autoantibodies called thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins bind to the receptor for Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH). The production of thyroid hormone is normally regulated by TSH, a hormone produced by the pituitary gland in the hypothalamus, at the base of the brain, and it is this regulation that is deficient in hyperthyroidism resulting in over-active thyroid, overproduction of thyroid hormone and increased rate of metabolism. Grave’s Disease is characterised by goitre or swelling of the thyroid gland and thyrotoxicosis (high levels of thyroid hormones), resulting in symptoms including nervousness, restlessness, irritability difficulty concentrating, tiredness, rapid heartbeat, heat intolerance, increased perspiration and difficulty sleeping, hand tremors, weight loss, increased appetite, frequent bowel movements, and muscular weakness. Carbimazole in Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg inhibits the action of thyroid peroxidase, an important enzyme in the synthesis of thyroid hormone. This action blocks the production of thyroid hormone and helps restore normal levels of thyroid hormone to relieve symptoms of Grave’s Disease.

What are the side effects of Neo-Mercazole?

The most commonly reported side effects when taking Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg include gastrointestinal upset, nausea, headache, dizziness, paraesthesia (sensation of tingling, numbness), arthralgia (painful joints), skin rash, itching (pruritus), loss of taste. Agranulocytosis (reduced white cell count) is a possible serious side effect that should be monitored for symptoms like sore throat, bruising, bleeding, mouth ulcers, fever and malaise

When should Neo-Mercazole not be used?

You should not use Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg if you:

are allergic to carbimazole or any ingredients in Neo-Mercazole
are pregnant or are breastfeeding, without discussion with your doctor
have liver disease
have a serious haematological condition
have a simple non-toxic goitre (swelling on the neck caused by enlargement of the thyroid gland)
are taking medicines that interact with Neo-Mercazole, including: vitamin K-dependant anticoagulants, agranulocytosis inducing drugs, theophylline for asthma

What medications interact with Neo-Mercazole?

Several medications interact with Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg and should either not be taken while you are taking Neo-Mercazole or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor:

Drugs that cause a serious reaction with Neo-Mercazole: agranulocytosis inducing drugs
Drugs that affect Neo-Mercazole: vitamin K-dependant anticoagulants, theophylline for asthma

How should Neo-Mercazole be taken?

You should take your Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg swallowed whole with a glass of water with or without food. The dose you take and how often will depend on the severity of your condition and your doctor’s recommendation and may be once, twice or three times a day. Your dose may be reduced depending on how well you respond. You should see an improvement within three months but you should continue to take your Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg for several months or years depending on your condition and your doctor’s recommendation.

How long should you take Neo-Mercazole?

You should continue to take your Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg for several months or years depending on your condition and your doctor’s recommendation.

Missed dose of Neo-Mercazole

If you miss a dose of Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose.

How should Neo-Mercazole be stored?

You should store your Neo-Mercazole tablets 5mg below 25°C in a cool dry place.

Armour Thyroid 1 Grain (60mg)

Armour Thyroid general information

What is Armour Thyroid used for?

Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets are used to treat hypothyroidism or underactive thyroid, a condition in which the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone needed to regulate your body’s growth and metabolism. Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets are a natural replacement hormone, derived from pig thyroid gland, containing both forms of thyroid hormone (T3 and T4), which help to relieve the symptoms of hypothyroidism, including, tiredness, muscle weakness, cramps, feeling the cold, a slow heart rate, dry and flaky skin, hair loss, a deep husky voice and weight gain. Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets can also be used to help treat hypothyroidism caused by surgical removal of, or damage to the thyroid gland, as well as treating thyroid goitre (enlarged thyroid glands) and thyroid cancer. Another used for Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets is for a suppression test, to test for thyroid activity.

How does Armour Thyroid work?

Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets consist of an extract produced from pig thyroid glands which contains both forms of thyroid hormone; thyroxine (levothyroxine or T4) and liothyronine (L-triiodothyronine or T3). Thyroxine (T4) is converted to the more active form of thyroid hormone (T3) in the liver, kidney and other tissues of the body and T3 interacts with a specific receptor inside cells to stimulate proteins needed to manage and control a variety of processes, including how the body regulates temperature, metabolises nutrients and controls growth and development. Thyroid hormones regulate the production by the pituitary gland of another hormone called thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), which in turn controls how much thyroid hormone is produced. Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets regulate TSH production in the same way and this is how it works when used for treating thyroid goitre or thyroid cancer by suppressing TSH production.

What does Armour Thyroid contain?

Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets contain a dessicated (dried) extract of pig thyroid glands, which contains both forms of thyroid hormone; thyroxine (levothyroxine or T4) and liothyronine (L-triiodothyronine or T3) in the ratio 4.22:1 of T4 to T3, as T3 is approximately four times as potent as T4 on a microgram for microgram basis. Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets also contain dextrose, anhydrous microcrystalline cellulose, sodium starch glycolate, calcium stearate, opadry wehite (titanium dioxide used as a whitening agent)

What doses of Armour Thyroid are available?

Armour Thyroid tablets are available in the following strengths:

15mg thyroid extract (¼ grain) contains 9.5mcg levothyroxine (T4) and 2.25mcg liothyronine (T3)
30mg thyroid extract (½ grain) contains 19mcg levothyroxine (T4) and 3.5mcg liothyronine (T3)
60mg thyroid extract (1 grain) contains 38mcg levothyroxine (T4) and 9mcg liothyronine (T3)
90mg thyroid extract (1½ grain) contains 57mcg levothyroxine (T4) and 13.5mcg liothyronine (T3)
120mg thyroid extract (2 grain) contains 76mcg levothyroxine (T4) and 18mcg liothyronine (T3)
180mg thyroid extract (3 grain) contains 114mcg levothyroxine (T4) and 27mcg liothyronine (T3)

Treating underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) with Armour Thyroid

Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets consist of an extract produced from pig thyroid glands which contains both forms of thyroid hormone; thyroxine (levothyroxine or T4) and liothyronine (L-triiodothyronine or T3) and substitutes for the lack of thyroid hormone in hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid gland) needed to regulate normal growth and metabolism. Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets are used to treat the symptoms of hypothyroidism, including, tiredness, muscle weakness, cramps, feeling the cold, a slow heart rate, dry and flaky skin, hair loss, a deep husky voice and weight gain.

What is the difference between natural and synthetic thyroid hormones?

Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets contain an extract produced from pig thyroid glands which contains both forms of thyroid hormone; thyroxine (levothyroxine or T4) and liothyronine (L-triiodothyronine or T3). These hormones are therefore natural hormones compared to synthesised hormones found in some other preparations of thyroid medication. Both natural and synthetic hormones work in the same way to treat thyroid disease.

What are the side effects of Armour Thyroid?

Most of the side effects experienced with taking Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets indicate that your dose is too high and may need adjusting. These include: headache, sleep problems (insomnia), feeling nervous or irritable sweating, flushing, appetite changes, weight loss, muscle weakness/cramps, tremors.

When should Armour Thyroid not be used?

You should not use Armour Thyroid if you:

are allergic to thyroid hormones or any of the ingredients in Armour Thyroid tablets
are looking for a treatment for obesity or to help you lose weight; this is not a weight loss product
have thyrotoxicosis (untreated high thyroid hormone levels) or adrenal gland problems
are pregnant, planning to become pregnant or breast-feeding
have a history of chest pain, heart attack, heart blood vessel problems, or other heart problems
are a diabetic taking antidiabetics or insulin, without discussion with your doctor, as Armour Thyroid may affect your glucose tolerance
are taking other medications that may interact with Armour Thyroid, such as anticonvulsants like phenytoin and carbamazepin, cardiac glycosides like digoxin, cholesterol-lowing drugs containing cholestyramine, antidepressants, anticoagulants

What medications interact with Armour Thyroid?

Several medications interact with Armour Thyroid and should either not be taken while you are taking Armour Thyroid or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor:

Drugs that decrease effectiveness of Armour Thyroid: antacids that contains aluminum or calcium or sucralfate (should be taken at least 4 hours apart from thyroid hormones); cholesterol-lowing drugs containing cholestyramine colestipol (should be taken at least 4 hours apart from thyroid hormones); iron supplement and vitamins with iron (should be taken at least 4 hours apart from thyroid hormones); oestrogen replacement product or birth control pills
Drugs that are affected by Armour Thyroid: anticoagulants, like warfarin because the risk of bleeding may be increased; insulin or an oral diabetes medication such as acarbose glipizide glyburide metformin

How should Armour Thyroid be taken?

Armour Thyroid should be taken with water on an empty stomach, preferably 30 minutes before a meal. The dose of Armour Thyroid that you take should be as recommended by your doctor. The usual starting dose is 30 mg Armour Thyroid, with increments of 15 mg every 2 to 3 weeks, depending on the levels of T3 and T4 measured in the blood during treatment, so blood monitoring is important while you are taking Armour Thyroid. It usually takes several weeks to see normal levels of blood thyroid hormone levels after starting treatment and you may need to take Armour Thyroid for the rest of your life.

How long should you take Armour Thyroid

Since Armour Thyroid tablets are used to replace a thyroid hormone deficiency this is a long-term treatment and may be for the rest of your life.

Missed dose of Armour Thyroid

If you miss a dose of Armour Thyroid take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose.

How should Armour Thyroid be stored?

Keep your Armour Thyroid 60mg tablets in the bottle until it is time to take one. Store in a cool dry place away from light where the temperature stays below 25°C.

Cipflox (Ciprofloxacin 750mg)

Cipflox general information

What is Cipflox used for?

Cipflox tablets 750mg are an antibiotic medication used to treat uncomplicated and complicated bacterial infections in adults, caused by a wide range of susceptible bacteria in various parts of the body. Cipflox tablets 750mg are used to treat pneumonia (community acquired as outpatients), caused by various bacteria, but should not be the antibiotic of first choice for pneumonia caused by Pneumococcus. Cipflox tablets 750mg are also use to treat infections of the skin and soft tissue, such as impetigo and cellulitis; also of the bones and joints, which can be very painful; and infections of the abdominal cavity such as peritonitis. Cipflox tablets 750mg are also used to treat infections of the urogenital system, including adnexitis (infection and inflammation of the ovary and the fallopian tubes), prostatitis (infection and inflammation of the prostate), gonorrhoea, infections of the efferent urinary tract like cystitis and pyelonephritis (infection and inflammation of the kidney). Cipflox tablets 750mg are used to treat sepsis, which is a serious and life-threatening condition that occurs as a result of the body’s response to an infection. It is caused by chemicals released into the bloodstream to fight the infection, which can result in damage to tissues and organs. Cipflox tablets 750mg may also be used after inhalation of anthrax spores, as post exposure prophylaxis to reduce risk of pulmonary disease. Cipflox tablets 750mg are also used to treat acute pulmonary exacerbation of cystic fibrosis caused by the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa; also complicated urinary tract infections or pyelonephritis due to E.coli in children over the age of 5 years.

How does Cipflox work?

Cipflox tablets 750mg contain the antibiotic ciprofloxacin that belongs to the fluoroquinolones group of antibiotics and is a synthetic broad spectrum antibiotic with antibacterial activity against a wide range of bacteria including, Klebsiella, Haemophilus, Enterobacter, E. coli, Pseudomonas, Legionella, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Listeria and Chlamydia. Ciprofloxacin in Cipflox tablets 750mg works by inhibiting several bacterial enzymes (bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase) needed for the bacteria to replicate and repair its DNA. This action of ciprofloxacin in Cipflox tablets 750mg kills the bacteria by blocking its growth and preventing the spread of infection. Cipflox tablets 750mg do not work against viruses which use a different mechanism to grow and replicate.

What does Cipflox contain?

Cipflox tablets 750mg contain the active ingredient ciprofloxacin, a synthetic broad spectrum antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections. They also contain microcrystalline cellulose, maize starch, pregelatinised maize starch, crospovidone, colloidal anhydrous silica, magnesium stearate, titanium dioxide, polydextrose, hypromellose, glycerol triacetate, macrogol.

Treating bacterial infection with Cipflox

Cipflox tablets 750mg contain ciprofloxacin a synthetic broad spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic that used to treat uncomplicated and complicated bacterial infections in adults, caused by a wide range of susceptible bacteria in various parts of the body. Infections that Cipflox tablets 750mg are suitable for include, pneumonia; infections of the skin, soft tissue bones and joints; infections of the urogenital system; infections of the abdominal cavity; sepsis and to reduce risk of pulmonary disease following inhalation of anthrax spores. Cipflox tablets 750mg are also used to treat acute pulmonary exacerbation of cystic fibrosis and complicated urinary tract infections in children over the age of 5 years. Ciprofloxacin in Cipflox tablets 750mg works by inhibiting several bacterial enzymes needed for the bacteria to replicate and repair its DNA. This action of ciprofloxacin in Cipflox tablets 750mg kills the bacteria by blocking its growth and preventing the spread of infection.

What are the side effects of Cipflox?

The most commonly reported side effects when taking Cipflox tablets 750mg include diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, rash, headache, altered taste, arthralgia (joint pain). Very rarely taking Cipflox tablets 750mg is associated with an increased risk of tendonitis and tendon rupture with increased risk if you are over the age of 60 years, taking systemic steroids or have received a kidney, heart or lung transplant.

When should Cipflox not be used?

You should not use Cipflox tablets 750mg if you:

are allergic to ciprofloxacin or any ingredients in Cipflox
are pregnant or are breastfeeding
have kidney or liver disease
history of tendon disease/disorder related to quinolone treatment
have epilepsy or a history of convulsion
have a history of stroke, heart attack or heart failure, without discussion with your doctor
have myasthenia gravis
are taking medicines that interact with Cipflox, including the muscle relaxant tizanidine for cystic fibrosis, anti-arrhythmics like amiodarone, tricyclic antidepressants like amitriptylene, macrolides antibiotics like azithromycin, clarithromycin, antipsychotics like olanzapine,, mineral supplements, sucralfate, omeprazole or antacids for ulcers and reflux, probenecid for gout, theophylline for asthma, caffeine and methylxanthines (found in some medicines and in drinks such as coffee, tea, cola), phenytoin for seizures, some NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), the immunosuppressant cyclosporine, anticoagulants like warfarin, oral antidiabetic medications like glibenclamide, methotrexate for cancer treatment, the antiemetic metoclopramide, the antidepressant duloxetine, ropinirole for Parkinson’s disease, clozapine for schizophrenia, sildenafil for erectile dysfunction

What medications interact with Cipflox?

Several medications interact with Cipflox tablets 750mg and should either not be taken while you are taking Cipflox or only after discussion and instruction from your doctor:

Drugs that cause a serious reaction or increase side effects with Cipflox: the muscle relaxant tizanidine for cystic fibrosis, anti-arrhythmics like amiodarone, tricyclic antidepressants like amitriptylene, macrolides antibiotics like azithromycin, clarithromycin, antipsychotics like olanzapine, theophylline for asthma, some NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), the immunosuppressant cyclosporine,
Drugs that affect Cipflox: mineral supplements, sucralfate, omeprazole or antacids for ulcers and reflux, probenecid for gout, the antiemetic metoclopramide
Drugs that are affected by Cipflox: the muscle relaxant tizanidine for cystic fibrosis, theophylline for asthma, caffeine and methylxanthines (found in some medicines and in drinks such as coffee, tea, cola), phenytoin for seizures, anticoagulants like warfarin, oral antidiabetic medications like glibenclamide, methotrexate for cancer treatment, the antidepressant duloxetine, ropinirole for Parkinson’s disease, clozapine for schizophrenia, sildenafil for erectile dysfunction

How should Cipflox be taken?

You should take your Cipflox tablets 750mg swallowed whole with a glass of water, with or without food. The dose you take and how often, depends on what you are being treated for and your doctor’s recommendations, which for most infections is usually one tablet twice daily for 7 to 14 days, but the dose or length of time you need to take your Cipflox tablets 750mg for may be increased depending on the severity of your infection and your response to treatment. You should not consume dairy products that are high in calcium (milk and yoghurt) or calcium-fortified orange juice, unless they are part of a meal as this may affect the absorption of ciprofloxacin. Avoid direct exposure to excessive sunlight or UV-light as this can cause photosensitisation (sunburn-like skin reactions). You should continue to take your Cipflox tablets 750mg for as long as recommended by your doctor.

How long should you take Cipflox?

You should continue to take your Cipflox tablets 750mg for as long as recommended by your doctor.

Missed dose of Cipflox

If you miss a dose of Cipflox tablets 750mg take it as soon as you remember, unless it is time to take the next dose, then skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose.

How should Cipflox be stored?

You should store your Cipflox tablets 750mg below 25°C in a cool dry place.

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